Vortex Quantum Droplets under Competing Nonlinearities

doi:10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020501

Chin. Phys. Lett.

2024, Vol. 41

Issue (2): 020501 DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020501

GENERAL

Vortex Quantum Droplets under Competing Nonlinearities

Gui-hua Chen¹, Hong-cheng Wang^1*, Hai-ming Deng^2*, and Boris A. Malomed³

¹School of Electronic Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
²School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
³Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile

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Gui-hua Chen, Hong-cheng Wang, Hai-ming Deng et al 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 020501

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Abstract This concise review summarizes recent advancements in theoretical studies of vortex quantum droplets (VQDs) in matter-wave fields. These are robust self-trapped vortical states in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with intrinsic nonlinearity. Stability of VQDs is provided by additional nonlinearities resulting from quantum fluctuations around mean-field states, often referred to as the Lee–Huang–Yang (LHY) corrections. The basic models are presented, with emphasis on the interplay between the mean-field nonlinearity, LHY correction, and spatial dimension, which determines the structure and stability of VQDs. We embark by delineating fundamental properties of VQDs in the 3D free space, followed by consideration of their counterparts in the 2D setting. Additionally, we address stabilization of matter-wave VQDs by optical potentials. Finally, we summarize results for the study of VQDs in the single-component BEC of atoms carrying magnetic moments. In that case, the anisotropy of the long-range dipole-dipole interactions endows the VQDs with unique characteristics. The results produced by the theoretical studies in this area directly propose experiments for the observation of novel physical effects in the realm of quantum matter, and suggest potential applications to the design of new schemes for processing classical and quantum information.

Received: 24 November 2023 Review Published: 02 February 2024

PACS:	67.85.-d	(Ultracold gases, trapped gases)
	03.75.Lm	(Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations)
	03.75.Kk	(Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow)

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https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020501 OR https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/Y2024/V41/I2/020501

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	Gui-hua Chen
	Hong-cheng Wang
	Hai-ming Deng
	and Boris A. Malomed

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