Volume 41 Issue 2

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Highlighted Articles

Gui-hua Chen, Hong-cheng Wang, Hai-ming Deng, and Boris A. Malomed
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 020501   PDF ( 523 )   HTML ( 150 )
Jin-Yi Wang, Lei-Lei Nian, and Jing-Tao Lü
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 020503   PDF ( 386 )   HTML ( 79 )
Ying Zhang, Guangzhao He, Quanxing Ye, Da-Cheng Yan, Jun Hua, and Qian Wang
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 021301   PDF ( 244 )   HTML ( 88 )
Cheng Chen, Bing Yan, and Ju-Jun Xie
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 021302   PDF ( 886 )   HTML ( 135 )
Xie Zhang, Jun Kang, and Su-Huai Wei
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 026301   PDF ( 614 )   HTML ( 320 )
Ming-Shuang Li, Hui-Min Li, and Song Liu
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 027501   PDF ( 417 )   HTML ( 109 )
Zhen Zhang, Wen-Ming Yan, Jian-Ping Yuan, Na Wang, Jun-Tao Bai, Zhi-Gang Wen, Bao-Da Li, Jin-Tao Xie, De Zhao, Yu-Bin Wang, and Nan-Nan Zhai
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2024, 41 (2): 029701   PDF ( 398 )   HTML ( 168 )

Current Issue

GENERAL
Vortex Quantum Droplets under Competing Nonlinearities
Gui-hua Chen, Hong-cheng Wang, Hai-ming Deng, and Boris A. Malomed
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 020501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020501
Abstract   PDF(pc) (28590KB) ( 523 ) PDF(mobile)(28626KB) ( 19 ) HTML ( 150
This concise review summarizes recent advancements in theoretical studies of vortex quantum droplets (VQDs) in matter-wave fields. These are robust self-trapped vortical states in two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with intrinsic nonlinearity. Stability of VQDs is provided by additional nonlinearities resulting from quantum fluctuations around mean-field states, often referred to as the Lee–Huang–Yang (LHY) corrections. The basic models are presented, with emphasis on the interplay between the mean-field nonlinearity, LHY correction, and spatial dimension, which determines the structure and stability of VQDs. We embark by delineating fundamental properties of VQDs in the 3D free space, followed by consideration of their counterparts in the 2D setting. Additionally, we address stabilization of matter-wave VQDs by optical potentials. Finally, we summarize results for the study of VQDs in the single-component BEC of atoms carrying magnetic moments. In that case, the anisotropy of the long-range dipole-dipole interactions endows the VQDs with unique characteristics. The results produced by the theoretical studies in this area directly propose experiments for the observation of novel physical effects in the realm of quantum matter, and suggest potential applications to the design of new schemes for processing classical and quantum information.
Tunable Three-Wavelength Fiber Laser and Transient Switching between Three-Wavelength Soliton and Q-Switched Mode-Locked States
Zhi-Zeng Si, Chao-Qing Dai, and Wei Liu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 020502 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020502
Abstract   PDF(pc) (5073KB) ( 346 ) PDF(mobile)(5082KB) ( 7 ) HTML ( 85
We report a passive mode-locked fiber laser that can realize single-wavelength tuning and multi-wavelength spacing tuning simultaneously. The tuning range is from 1528 nm–1560 nm, and up to three bands of soliton states can be output at the same time. These results are confirmed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation model based on the split-step Fourier method. In addition, we reveal a way to transform the multi-wavelength soliton state into the Q-switched mode-locked state, which is period doubling. These results will promote the development of optical communication, optical sensing and multi-signal pulse emission.
Engineering Quantum Criticality for Quantum Dot Power Harvesting
Jin-Yi Wang, Lei-Lei Nian, and Jing-Tao Lü
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 020503 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/020503
Abstract   PDF(pc) (4418KB) ( 386 ) PDF(mobile)(4710KB) ( 4 ) HTML ( 79
Coupling of quantum-dot circuits to microwave photons enables us to investigate photon-assisted quantum transport. Here, we revisit this typical circuit quantum electrodynamical setup by introducing the Kerr nonlinearity of photons. By exploiting quantum critical behavior, we propose a powerful scheme to control the power-harvesting efficiency in the microwave regime, where the driven-dissipative optical system acts as an energy pump. It drives electron transport against a load in the quantum-dot circuit. The energy transfer and, consequently, the harvesting efficiency are enhanced near the critical point. As the critical point moves towards to low input power, high efficiency within experimental parameters is achieved. Our results complement fundamental studies of photon-to-electron conversion at the nanoscale and provide practical guidance for designs of integrated photoelectric devices through quantum criticality.
THE PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Two-Body Hadronic Weak Decays of Bottomed Hadrons
Ying Zhang, Guangzhao He, Quanxing Ye, Da-Cheng Yan, Jun Hua, and Qian Wang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 021301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/021301
Abstract   PDF(pc) (1785KB) ( 244 ) PDF(mobile)(1886KB) ( 10 ) HTML ( 88
The structure of light diquarks plays a crucial role in formation of exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark model, especially with regard to the line shapes of bottomed hadron decays. We study the two-body hadronic weak decays of bottomed baryons and bottomed mesons to probe the light diquark structure and to pin down the quark–quark correlations in the diquark picture. It is found that the light diquark does not favor a compact structure. For instance, the isoscalar diquark $[ud]$ in $\varLambda_{b}^{0}$ can be easily split and rearranged to form $\varSigma_{c}^{(*)}\bar{D}^{(*)}$ via the color-suppressed transition. This provides a hint that the hidden charm pentaquark states produced in $\varLambda^0_b$ decays could be the $\varSigma_{c}^{(*)}\bar{D}^{(*)}$ hadronic molecular candidates. This quantitative study resolves the apparent conflicts between the production mechanism and the molecular nature of these $P_c$ states observed in experiment.
$e^+ e^- \to \varLambda^+_c \bar{\varLambda}^-_c$ Cross Sections and the $\varLambda_c^+$ Electromagnetic Form Factors within the Extended Vector Meson Dominance Model
Cheng Chen, Bing Yan, and Ju-Jun Xie
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 021302 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/021302
Abstract   PDF(pc) (1564KB) ( 886 ) PDF(mobile)(1605KB) ( 224 ) HTML ( 135
Within the extended vector meson dominance model, we investigate the $e^+ e^- \to \varLambda^+_c \bar{\varLambda}^-_c$ reaction and the electromagnetic form factors of the charmed baryon $\varLambda_c^+$. The model parameters are determined by fitting them to the cross sections of the process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \varLambda_c^+ \bar{\varLambda}_c^-$ and the magnetic form factor $|G_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm M}}|$ of $\varLambda^+_c$. By considering four charmonium-like states, called $\psi(4500)$, $\psi(4660)$, $\psi(4790)$, and $\psi(4900)$, we can well describe the current data on the $e^+ e^- \to \varLambda^+_c \bar{\varLambda}^-_c$ reaction from the reaction threshold up to $4.96$ GeV. In addition to the total cross sections and $|G_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm M}}|$, the ratio $|G_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm E}}/G_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm M}}|$ and the effective form factor $|G_{\mathrm{eff}}|$ for $\varLambda^+_c$ are also calculated, and found that these calculations are consistent with the experimental data. Within the fitted model parameters, we have also estimated the charge radius of the charmed $\varLambda_c^+$ baryon.
FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY(INCLUDING APPLICATIONS)
Intense Mid-Infrared Laser Pulse Generated via Flying-Mirror Red-Shifting in Near-Critical-Density Plasmas
Yu Lu, Dong-Ao Li, Qian-Ni Li, Fu-Qiu Shao, and Tong-Pu Yu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 024101 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/024101
Abstract   PDF(pc) (6174KB) ( 267 ) PDF(mobile)(6206KB) ( 2 ) HTML ( 66
Relativistic femtosecond mid-infrared pulses can be generated efficiently by laser interaction with near-critical-density plasmas. It is found theoretically and numerically that the radiation pressure of a circularly polarized laser pulse first compresses the plasma electrons to form a dense flying mirror with a relativistic high speed. The pulse reflected by the mirror is red-shifted to the mid-infrared range. Full three-dimensional simulations demonstrate that the central wavelength of the mid-infrared pulse is tunable from 3 µm to 14 µm, and the laser energy conversion efficiency can reach as high as 13$\%$. With a 0.5–10 PW incident laser pulse, the generated mid-infrared pulse reaches a peak power of 10–180 TW, which is interesting for various applications in ultrafast and high-field sciences.
Joint Authentication Public Network Cryptographic Key Distribution Protocol Based on Single Exposure Compressive Ghost Imaging
Wen-Kai Yu, Shuo-Fei Wang, and Ke-Qian Shang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 024201 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/024201
Abstract   PDF(pc) (26897KB) ( 165 ) PDF(mobile)(26929KB) ( 0 ) HTML ( 65
In the existing ghost-imaging-based cryptographic key distribution (GCKD) protocols, the cryptographic keys need to be encoded by using many modulated patterns, which undoubtedly incurs long measurement time and huge memory consumption. Given this, based on snapshot compressive ghost imaging, a public network cryptographic key distribution protocol is proposed, where the cryptographic keys and joint authentication information are encrypted into several color block diagrams to guarantee security. It transforms the previous single-pixel sequential multiple measurements into multi-pixel single exposure measurements, significantly reducing sampling time and memory storage. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol and its ability to detect illegal attacks. Therefore, it takes GCKD a big step closer to practical applications.
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES
Profiling Electronic and Phononic Band Structures of Semiconductors at Finite Temperatures: Methods and Applications
Xie Zhang, Jun Kang, and Su-Huai Wei
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 026301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/026301
Abstract   PDF(pc) (29301KB) ( 614 ) PDF(mobile)(29337KB) ( 57 ) HTML ( 320
Semiconductor devices are often operated at elevated temperatures that are well above zero Kelvin, which is the temperature in most first-principles density functional calculations. Computational approaches to computing and understanding the properties of semiconductors at finite temperatures are thus in critical demand. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in computationally assessing the electronic and phononic band structures of semiconductors at finite temperatures. As an emerging semiconductor with particularly strong temperature-induced renormalization of the electronic and phononic band structures, halide perovskites are used as a representative example to demonstrate how computational advances may help to understand the band structures at elevated temperatures. Finally, we briefly illustrate the remaining computational challenges and outlook promising research directions that may help to guide future research in this field.
Heteronuclear Magnetisms with Ultracold Spinor Bosonic Gases in Optical Lattices
Yongqiang Li, Chengkun Xing, Ming Gong, Guangcan Guo, and Jianmin Yuan
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 026701 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/026701
Abstract   PDF(pc) (1464KB) ( 283 ) PDF(mobile)(2706KB) ( 3 ) HTML ( 51
Motivated by recent realizations of spin-1 NaRb mixtures in the experiments [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255301 (2015); Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 223201 (2022)], we investigate heteronuclear magnetism in the Mott-insulating regime. Different from the identical mixtures where the boson statistics only admits even parity states from angular momentum composition, for heteronuclear atoms in principle all angular momentum states are allowed, which can give rise to new magnetic phases. While various magnetic phases can be developed over these degenerate spaces, the concrete symmetry breaking phases depend on not only the degree of degeneracy but also the competitions from many-body interactions. We unveil these rich phases using the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory approach. These phases are characterized by various orders, including spontaneous magnetization order, spin magnitude order, singlet pairing order, and nematic order, which may coexist specially in the regime with odd parity. Finally we address the possible parameter regimes for observing these spin-ordered Mott phases.
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Localization Dynamics at the Exceptional Point of Non-Hermitian Creutz Ladder
S. M. Zhang, T. Y. He, and L. Jin
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 027201 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/027201
Abstract   PDF(pc) (2310KB) ( 435 ) PDF(mobile)(2357KB) ( 2 ) HTML ( 50
We propose a quasi-one-dimensional non-Hermitian Creutz ladder with an entirely flat spectrum by introducing alternating gain and loss components while maintaining inversion symmetry. Destructive interference generates a flat spectrum at the exceptional point, where the Creutz ladder maintains coalesced and degenerate eigenvalues with compact localized states distributed in a single plaquette. All excitations are completely confined within the localization area, unaffected by gain and loss. Single-site excitations exhibit nonunitary dynamics with intensities increasing due to level coalescence, while multiple-site excitations may display oscillating or constant intensities at the exceptional point. These results provide insights into the fascinating dynamics of non-Hermitian localization, where level coalescence and degeneracy coexist at the exceptional point.
Ultrathin Limit on the Anisotropic Superconductivity of Single-Layered Cuprate Films
Feng Ran, Pan Chen, Dingyi Li, Peiyu Xiong, Zixin Fan, Haoming Ling, Yan Liang, and Jiandi Zhang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 027401 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/027401
Abstract   PDF(pc) (5144KB) ( 153 ) PDF(mobile)(5361KB) ( 3 ) HTML ( 91
Exploring dimensionality effects on cuprates is important for understanding the nature of high-temperature superconductivity. By atomically layer-by-layer growth with oxide molecular beam epitaxy, we demonstrate that La$_{2- x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ ($x = 0.15$) thin films remain superconducting down to 2 unit cells of thickness but quickly reach the maximum superconducting transition temperature at and above 4 unit cells. By fitting the critical magnetic field (${\mu_{0}H}_{\rm c2}$), we show that the anisotropy of the film's superconductivity increases with decreasing film thickness, indicating that the superconductivity of the film gradually evolves from weak three- to two-dimensional character. These results are helpful to gain more insight into the nature of high-temperature superconductivity with dimensionality.
Strong Anisotropic Order Parameters at All-Nitride Ferromagnet/Superconductor Interfaces
Qiao Jin, Meng Yang, Guozhu Song, Nan Zhao, Shengru Chen, Haitao Hong, Ting Cui, Dongke Rong, Qianying Wang, Yiyan Fan, Chen Ge, Can Wang, Jiachang Bi, Yanwei Cao, Liusuo Wu, Shanmin Wang, Kui-Juan Jin, Zhi-Gang Cheng, and Er-Jia Guo
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 027402 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/027402
Abstract   PDF(pc) (3518KB) ( 238 ) PDF(mobile)(3869KB) ( 1 ) HTML ( 55
Proximity effects between superconductors and ferromagnets (SC/FM) hold paramount importance in comprehending the spin competition transpiring at their interfaces. This competition arises from the interplay between Cooper pairs and ferromagnetic exchange interactions. The proximity effects between transition metal nitrides (TMNs) are scarcely investigated due to the formidable challenges of fabricating high-quality SC/FM interfaces. We fabricated heterostructures comprising SC titanium nitride (TiN) and FM iron nitride (Fe$_{3}$N) with precise chemical compositions and atomically well-defined interfaces. The magnetoresistance of Fe$_{3}$N/TiN heterostructures shows a distinct magnetic anisotropy and strongly depends on the external perturbations. Moreover, the superconducting transition temperature $T_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm C}}$ and critical field of TiN experience notable suppression when proximity to Fe$_{3}$N. We observe the intriguing competition of interfacial spin orientations near $T_{\scriptscriptstyle{\rm C}}$ ($\sim$ $1.25$ K). These findings not only add a new materials system for investigating the interplay between superconductor and ferromagnets, but also potentially provide a building block for future research endeavors and applications in the realms of superconducting spintronic devices.
Synthesis Methods and Property Control of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Materials
Ming-Shuang Li, Hui-Min Li, and Song Liu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 027501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/027501
Abstract   PDF(pc) (17897KB) ( 417 ) PDF(mobile)(17943KB) ( 5 ) HTML ( 109
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have been demonstrated to have excellent chemical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, particularly in the development of multifunctional electronic and spin electronic devices, showcasing tremendous potential. Therefore, corresponding synthesis techniques for 2D magnetic materials that offer high quality, high yield, low cost, time-saving, and simplicity are highly desired. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advances in preparation of magnetic 2D materials, with a particular focus on the preparation methods employed. Moreover, the characteristics and applications of these magnetic materials are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of synthesis methods for magnetic 2D materials are briefly addressed. This review serves as a guiding reference for the controlled synthesis of 2D magnetic materials.
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Two-Dimensional Vat Orange 3 Crystals
Ning Yan, Zhiren Xiong, Chengbing Qin, and Xiaoxi Li
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 028101 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/028101
Abstract   PDF(pc) (9287KB) ( 197 ) PDF(mobile)(9312KB) ( 3 ) HTML ( 50
The exploration and research of low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable organic semiconductor materials are of immense significance in various fields, including electronics, optoelectronics, and energy conversion. Unfortunately, these semiconductors have almost poor charge transport properties, which range from $\sim$ $10^{-4}$ cm$^{2}\cdot$V$^{-1}\cdot$s$^{-1}$ to $\sim$ $10^{-2}$ cm$^{2}\cdot$V$^{-1}\cdot$s$^{-1}$. Vat orange 3, as one of these organic semiconductors, has great potential due to its highly conjugated structure. We obtain high-quality multilayered Vat orange 3 crystals with two-dimensional (2D) growth on h-BN surfaces with thickness of 10–100 nm using physical vapor transport. Raman's results confirm the stability of the chemical structure of Vat orange 3 during growth. Furthermore, by leveraging the structural advantages of 2D materials, an organic field-effect transistor with a 2D vdW vertical heterostructure is further realized with h-BN encapsulation and multilayered graphene contact electrodes, resulting in an excellent transistor performance with On/Off ratio of $10^{4}$ and high field-effect mobility of 0.14 cm$^{2}\cdot$V$^{-1}\cdot$s$^{-1}$. Our results show the great potential of Vat orange 3 with 2D structures in future nano-electronic applications. Furthermore, we showcase an approach that integrates organic semiconductors with 2D materials, aiming to offer new insights into the study of organic semiconductors.
GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS
Exploring Sulfur Chemistry in TMC-1 with NSRT
Wasim Iqbal, Xiaohu Li, Juan Tuo, Ryszard Szczerba, Yanan Feng, Zhenzhen Miao, Jiangchao Yang, Jixing Ge, Gleb Fedoseev, Donghui Quan, Qiang Chang, Chuan-Lu Yang, Tao Yang, Gao-Lei Hou, Yong Zhang, Xuan Fang, Xia Zhang, Fangfang Li, Rong Ma, Xiaomin Song, Zhiping Kou, and Yuxuan Sun
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 029501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/029501
Abstract   PDF(pc) (770KB) ( 290 ) PDF(mobile)(780KB) ( 5 ) HTML ( 90
There have been several studies on sulfur depletion in dense cores like TMC-1 (Taurus Molecular Cloud 1), employing updated reaction networks for sulfur species to explain the missing sulfur in the gas within dense clouds. Most of these studies used a C/O ratio of 0.7 or lower. We present NSRT (NanShan 26m Radio Telescope) observations of TMC-1 alongside results from time-dependent chemical simulations using an updated chemical network. Our findings highlight the impact of the C/O ratio on the gas-phase evolution of C$_2$S and C$_3$S. The simulation results show that the C/O ratio is an important parameter, playing a fundamental role in determining the gas-phase abundances of sulfur species in dense cores.
A Search for Radio Pulsars in Supernova Remnants Using FAST with One Pulsar Discovered
Zhen Zhang, Wen-Ming Yan, Jian-Ping Yuan, Na Wang, Jun-Tao Bai, Zhi-Gang Wen, Bao-Da Li, Jin-Tao Xie, De Zhao, Yu-Bin Wang, and Nan-Nan Zhai
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2024, 41 (2): 029701 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/2/029701
Abstract   PDF(pc) (1071KB) ( 398 ) PDF(mobile)(1091KB) ( 7 ) HTML ( 168
We report the results of a search for radio pulsars in five supernova remnants (SNRs) with the FAST telescope. The observations were made using the 19-beam receiver in “snapshot” mode. The integration time for each pointing was 10 min. We discovered a new pulsar, PSR J1845–0306, which has a spin period of 983.6 ms and a dispersion measure of 444.6 $\pm$ 2.0 cm$^{-3}$$\cdot$pc, in observations of SNR G29.6+0.1. To judge the association between the pulsar and the SNR, further verification is needed. We also re-detected some known pulsars in the data from SNRs G29.6+0.1 and G29.7–0.3. No pulsars were detected in the observations of the other three SNRs.
16 articles