Chin. Phys. Lett.  2022, Vol. 39 Issue (2): 028202    DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/2/028202
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
Electrochemical Role of Transition Metals in Sn–Fe Alloy Revealed by Operando Magnetometry
Le-Qing Zhang1, Qing-Tao Xia1, Zhao-Hui Li1, Yuan-Yuan Han1, Xi-Xiang Xu1, Xin-Long Zhao1, Xia Wang1, Yuan-Yuan Pan1, Hong-Sen Li1, and Qiang Li1,2*
1College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2Weihai Innovation Institute, Qingdao University, Weihai 264200, China
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Le-Qing Zhang, Qing-Tao Xia, Zhao-Hui Li et al  2022 Chin. Phys. Lett. 39 028202
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Abstract As promising materials, alloy-type anode materials have been intensively investigated in both academia and industry. To release huge volume expansion during alloying/dealloying process, they are usually doped with transition metals. However, the electrochemical role of transition metals has not been fully understood. Here, pure Sn$_{3}$Fe films were deposited by sputtering, and the electrochemical mechanism was systematically investigated by operando magnetometry. We confirmed that Fe particles liberated by Li insertion recombine partially with Sn during the delithiation, while the stepwise increase in magnetization with the cycles demonstrates growth of Fe nanoparticles. In addition, we also found an unconventional increase of magnetization in the charging process, which can be attributed to the space charge storage at the interface of Fe/Li$_{x}$Sn. These critical findings pave the way for the mechanism understanding and development of high-performance Sn based alloy electrode materials.
Received: 05 November 2021      Published: 29 January 2022
PACS:  82.47.Aa (Lithium-ion batteries)  
  07.55.Jg (Magnetometers for susceptibility, magnetic moment, and magnetization measurements)  
  71.20.Be (Transition metals and alloys)  
  82.47.Tp (Electrochemical displays)  
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https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/10.1088/0256-307X/39/2/028202       OR      https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/Y2022/V39/I2/028202
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Le-Qing Zhang
Qing-Tao Xia
Zhao-Hui Li
Yuan-Yuan Han
Xi-Xiang Xu
Xin-Long Zhao
Xia Wang
Yuan-Yuan Pan
Hong-Sen Li
and Qiang Li
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