| CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
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Self-Assembly of Bacteria in Alternating-Current Electric Fields |
| Yan-Ran Li1, Yi-Wu Zong1*, Hong Zhang2, Jing-Chao Zhang3, Chun-Ying Feng4,5, Jian-Jun Qiao1,6, Hao Song1,6, and Kun Zhao7,8* |
1Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2Petrochemical Research Institute of Petrochina Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
3Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
4Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
5Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
6Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
7The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
8Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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| Cite this article: |
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Yan-Ran Li, Yi-Wu Zong, Hong Zhang et al 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 108701 |
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Abstract Self-assembly of bacteria in electric fields is a promising route to fabricate biomaterials with reversible and specific structures. However, due to relatively less studies, our understanding of the self-assembly of bacteria in electric fields is still incomplete. Particularly, how different bacterial species behave differently in their field-mediated self-assembly behavior remains to be disclosed. In this study, we choose four bacterial species, including Shewanella oneidensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis as model systems, and investigate their self-assembly behavior in alternating-current (AC) electric fields for both diluted and concentrated suspensions. The phase diagrams in the plane of applied field strength vs frequency are obtained. The results show that in diluted suspensions, a transition sequence of isotropic–paranematic–string–columnar phases is observed in all strains as the field strength increases. Details of the assembled structures are quantitatively differentiated among different strains. In concentrated suspensions, besides the isotropic and paranematic phases, a higher ordered phase with interdigitating rectangular crystal domains (OIR) and an ordered phase with smectic A liquid crystal domains are observed for S. oneidensis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Our findings shed new light on fabricating potential biomaterials by assembling cells of appropriately chosen bacterial species that have desired surface properties under AC electric fields.
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Received: 31 May 2024
Published: 18 October 2024
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