| GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS |
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Cosmology-Independent Photon Mass Limits from Localized Fast Radio Bursts by Using Artificial Neural Networks |
| Jing-Yu Ran1,2†, Bao Wang1,2†, and Jun-Jie Wei1,2* |
1Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
2School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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| Cite this article: |
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Jing-Yu Ran, Bao Wang, and Jun-Jie Wei 2024 Chin. Phys. Lett. 41 059501 |
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Abstract A hypothetical photon mass $m_{\gamma}$ can produce a frequency-dependent vacuum dispersion of light, which leads to an additional time delay between photons with different frequencies when they propagate through a fixed distance. The dispersion measure and redshift measurements of fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been widely used to constrain the rest mass of the photon. However, all current studies analyzed the effect of the frequency-dependent dispersion for massive photons in the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological context. In order to alleviate the circularity problem induced by the presumption of a specific cosmological model based on the fundamental postulate of the masslessness of photons, here we employ a new model-independent smoothing technique, artificial neural network (ANN), to reconstruct the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ function from 34 cosmic-chronometer measurements. By combining observations of 32 well-localized FRBs and the $H(z)$ function reconstructed by ANN, we obtain an upper limit of $m_{\gamma} \le 3.5 \times 10^{-51}$ kg, or equivalently $m_{\gamma}\le2.0 \times 10^{-15}$ eV/c$^2$ ($m_{\gamma} \le 6.5 \times 10^{-51}$ kg, or equivalently $m_{\gamma} \le 3.6 \times 10^{-15}$ eV/c$^2$) at the $1\sigma$ ($2\sigma$) confidence level. This is the first cosmology-independent photon mass limit derived from extragalactic sources.
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Received: 08 March 2024
Published: 15 May 2024
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| PACS: |
14.70.Bh
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(Photons)
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41.20.Jb
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(Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation)
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52.25.Os
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(Emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation ?)
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95.85.Bh
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(Radio, microwave (>1 mm))
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