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Free Energy, Stability, and Particle Source in Dynamical Holography |
| Yu Tian1,2*, Xiao-Ning Wu3,4, and Hongbao Zhang5 |
1School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
4Hua Loo-Keng Key Laboratory of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
5Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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| Cite this article: |
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Yu Tian, Xiao-Ning Wu, and Hongbao Zhang 2023 Chin. Phys. Lett. 40 100402 |
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Abstract We study dynamical holographic systems and the relation between thermodynamical and dynamical stability of such systems, using the conserved currents in the bulk spacetime. In particular, in the probe limit a generalized free energy is defined with the property of monotonic decreasing in dynamic processes. It is then shown that the (absolute) thermodynamical stability implies the dynamical stability, while the linear dynamical stability implies the thermodynamical (meta-)stability. The holographic superfluid is taken as an example to illustrate our general formalism, where the dynamic evolution of the system in contact with a particle source is clarified by theoretical investigation and numerical verification. The case going beyond the probe limit is also discussed.
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Received: 30 July 2023
Published: 28 September 2023
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| PACS: |
04.60.Cf
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(Gravitational aspects of string theory)
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11.25.Tq
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(Gauge/string duality)
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03.75.Kk
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(Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow)
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