Observation of Two-Dimensional Mott Insulator and $\pi$-Superfluid Quantum Phase Transition in Shaking Optical Lattice
Jingxin Sun1 , Pengju Zhao2 , Zhongshu Hu2 , Shengjie Jin2 , Ren Liao1 , Xiong-Jun Liu2* , and Xuzong Chen1*
1 School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China2 School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract ：The Mott insulator and superfluid phase transition is one of the most prominent phenomena in ultracold atoms. We report the observation of a novel 2D quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and $\pi$ superfluid in a shaking optical lattice. In the deep optical lattice regime, the lowest $S$ band can be tuned to Mott phase, while the higher $P_{x,y}$ bands are itinerant for having larger bandwidth. Through a shaking technique coupling the $s$-orbital to $p_{x,y}$-orbital states, we experimentally observe the transition between the states of the $S$ and $P_{x,y}$ bands, leading to a quantum phase transition from two-dimensional $s$-orbital Mott phase to the $p_{x,y}$-orbital superfluid which condensed at $(\pi,\pi)$ momentum. Using the band-mapping method, we also observe the changes of atomic population in different energy bands during the transition, and the experimental results are well consistent with theoretical expectations.
收稿日期: 2023-05-09
出版日期: 2023-08-13
PACS:
37.10.Jk
(Atoms in optical lattices)
05.30.Rt
(Quantum phase transitions)
67.85.Hj
(Bose-Einstein condensates in optical potentials)
42.15.Eq
(Optical system design)
引用本文:
. [J]. 中国物理快报, 2023, 40(8): 83701-.
链接本文:
https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/CN/10.1088/0256-307X/40/8/083701
或
https://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V40/I8/83701
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2023, Vol. 40 
