| ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS |
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Observation of Two-Dimensional Mott Insulator and $\pi$-Superfluid Quantum Phase Transition in Shaking Optical Lattice |
| Jingxin Sun1, Pengju Zhao2, Zhongshu Hu2, Shengjie Jin2, Ren Liao1, Xiong-Jun Liu2*, and Xuzong Chen1* |
1School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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| Cite this article: |
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Jingxin Sun, Pengju Zhao, Zhongshu Hu et al 2023 Chin. Phys. Lett. 40 083701 |
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Abstract The Mott insulator and superfluid phase transition is one of the most prominent phenomena in ultracold atoms. We report the observation of a novel 2D quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and $\pi$ superfluid in a shaking optical lattice. In the deep optical lattice regime, the lowest $S$ band can be tuned to Mott phase, while the higher $P_{x,y}$ bands are itinerant for having larger bandwidth. Through a shaking technique coupling the $s$-orbital to $p_{x,y}$-orbital states, we experimentally observe the transition between the states of the $S$ and $P_{x,y}$ bands, leading to a quantum phase transition from two-dimensional $s$-orbital Mott phase to the $p_{x,y}$-orbital superfluid which condensed at $(\pi,\pi)$ momentum. Using the band-mapping method, we also observe the changes of atomic population in different energy bands during the transition, and the experimental results are well consistent with theoretical expectations.
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Received: 09 May 2023
Published: 13 August 2023
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| PACS: |
37.10.Jk
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(Atoms in optical lattices)
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05.30.Rt
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(Quantum phase transitions)
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67.85.Hj
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(Bose-Einstein condensates in optical potentials)
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42.15.Eq
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(Optical system design)
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