| CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES |
|
|
|
|
Stepping Stone Mechanism: Carrier-Free Long-Range Magnetism Mediated by Magnetized Cation States in Quintuple Layer |
| Chunkai Chan, Xiaodong Zhang, Yiou Zhang, Kinfai Tse, Bei Deng, Jingzhao Zhang, Junyi Zhu |
| 1Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong |
|
| Cite this article: |
|
Chunkai Chan, Xiaodong Zhang, Yiou Zhang et al 2018 Chin. Phys. Lett. 35 017502 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract The long-range magnetism observed in group-V tellurides quintuple layers is the only working example of carrier-free dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), whereas the physical mechanism is unclear, except the speculation on the band topology enhanced van Vleck paramagnetism. Based on DFT calculations, we find a stable long-range ferromagnetic order in a single quintuple layer of Cr-doped Bi$_2$Te$_3$ or Sb$_2$Te$_3$, with the dopant separation more than 9 Å. This configuration is the global energy minimum among all configurations. Different from the conventional super exchange theory, the magnetism is facilitated by the lone pair derived anti-bonding states near the cations. Such anti-bonding states work as stepping stones merged in the electron sea and conduct magnetism. Further, spin orbit coupling induced band inversion is found to be insignificant in the magnetism. Therefore, our findings directly dismiss the common misbelief that band topology is the only factor that enhances the magnetism. We further demonstrate that removal of the lone pair derived states destroys the long-range magnetism. This novel mechanism sheds light on the fundamental understanding of long-range magnetism and may lead to discoveries of new classes of DMS.
|
|
Received: 19 October 2017
Published: 03 December 2017
|
|
| PACS: |
75.50.Pp
|
(Magnetic semiconductors)
|
| |
71.15.Mb
|
(Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections)
|
| |
71.70.Gm
|
(Exchange interactions)
|
| |
75.30.Hx
|
(Magnetic impurity interactions)
|
|
|
| Fund: Supported by Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) under Grant No 4053084, University Grants Committee of Hong Kong under Grant No 24300814, and the Start-up Funding of CUHK. |
|
|
|
| [1] | Wang X, Du K, Liu Y Y F, Hu P, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Owen M H S, Lu X, Gan C K, Sengupta P, Kloc C and Xiong Q 2016 {2D Mater.} 3 031009 | | [2] | Gong C, Li L, Li Z, Ji H, Stern A, Xia Y, Cao T, Bao, W, Wang C, Wang Y, Qiu Z Q, Cava R J, Louie S G, Xia J and Zhang X 2017 Nature 546 265 | | [3] | Huang B, Clark G, Navarro-Moratalla E, Klein D R, Cheng R, Seyler K L, Zhong D, Schmidgall E, McGuire M A, Cobden D H, Yao W, Xiao D, Jarillo-Herrero P and Xu X 2017 Nature 546 270 | | [4] | Zhang J, Chang C Z, Zhang Z, Wen J, Feng X, Li K, Liu M, He K, Wang L, Chen X, Xue Q K, Ma X and Wang Y 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 574 | | [5] | Chang C Z, Zhang J, Feng X, Shen J, Zhang Z, Guo M, Li K, Ou Y, Wei P, Wang L L, Ji Z Q, Feng Y, Ji S H, Chen X, Jia J F, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C, He K, Wang Y Y, Lu L, M X C and Xue Q K 2013 Science 340 167 | | [6] | Chang C, Zhang J, Liu M, Zhang Z, Feng X, Li K, Wang L, Chen X, Dai X and Fang Z 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1065 | | [7] | Chang C Z, Zhao W W, Kim D Y, Zhang H J, Assaf B A, Heiman D, Zhang S C, Liu C X, Chan M H W and Moodera S J 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 473 | | [8] | Bestwick A J, Fox E J, Kou X, Pan L, Wang, K L and Goldhaber-Gordon D 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 187201 | | [9] | Feng Y, Feng X, Ou Y B, Wang J, Liu C, Zhang L G, Zhao D Y, Jiang G Y, Zhang S C, He K, Ma X, Xue Q K and Wang Y 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 126801 | | [10] | Feng X, Feng Y, Wang J, Ou Y B, Hao Z Q, Liu C, Zhang, Z C, Zhang L G, Lin C X, Liao J, Li Y Q, Wang L L, Ji S H, Chen X, Ma X C, Zhang S C, Wang Y Y, He K and Xue Q K 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6386 | | [11] | Kou X F, Guo S T, Fan Y B, Pan L, Lang M R, Jiang Y, Shao Q M, Nie T X, Murata K, Tang J S, Wang Y, He L, Lee T K, Lee W L and Wang K L 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 137201 | | [12] | Kou X, Fan Y, Lang M, Upadhyaya P and Wang K L 2015 Solid State Commun. 215-216 34 | | [13] | Kou X F, Pan L, Wang J, Fan Y B, Choi E S, Lee W L, Nie T X, Murata K, Shao Q M, Zhang S C and Wang K L 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8474 | | [14] | Zhang H J, Liu C X, Qi X L, Dai X, Fang Z and Zhang S C 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 438 | | [15] | Yu R, Zhang W, Zhang H J, Zhang S C, Dai X and Fang Z 2010 Science 329 61 | | [16] | Chen Y L, Chu J H, Analytis J G, Liu Z K, Igarashi K, Kuo H H, Qi X L, Mo S K, Moore R G, Lu D H, Hashimoto M, Sasagawa T, Zhang S C, Fisher I R, Hussain Z and Shen Z X 2010 Science 329 659 | | [17] | Hasan M Z and Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045 | | [18] | Qi X and Zhang S 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057 | | [19] | Checkelsky J G, Ye J, Onose Y, Iwasa Y and Tokura Y 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 729 | | [20] | Anderson P W 1950 Phys. Rev. 79 350 | | [21] | Goodenough J B 1955 Phys. Rev. 100 564 | | [22] | Kanamori J 1959 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10 87 | | [23] | Zhang J M, Zhu W G, Zhang Y, Xiao D and Yao Y G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 266405 | | [24] | Deng B, Zhang Y O, Zhang S B, Wang Y Y, He K and Zhu J Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 054113 | | [25] | Vergniory M G, Otrokov M M, Thonig D, Hoffmann M, Maznichenko I V, Geilhufe M, Zubizarreta X, Ostanin S, Marmodoro A, Henk J, Hergert W, Mertig I, Chulkov E V and Ernst A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 165202 | | [26] | Sato K, Bergqvist L, Kudrnovsky J, Dederichs P H, Eriksson O, Turek I, Sanyal B, Bouzerar G, Katayama-Yoshida H, Dinh V A, Fukushima T, Kizaki H and Zeller R 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 1633 | | [27] | Zunger A, Lany S and Raebiger H 2010 Physics 3 53 | | [28] | Kresse G and Furthmller J 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 11169 | | [29] | Chang C Z, Tang P, Wang Y L, Feng X, Li K, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang L L, Chen X, Liu C, Duan W, He K, Ma X C and Xue Q K 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 056801 | | [30] | Slipukhina I, Mavropoulos P, Blügel S and Le?ai? M 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 137203 | | [31] | Pl? tz W, Fabian J and Hohenester U 2007 Modern Aspects of Spin Physics (Berlin: Spinger) | | [32] | Ye M, Li W, Zhu S, Takeda Y, Saitoh Y, Wang J, Pan H, Nurmamat M, Sumida K and Ji F 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8913 | | [33] | Dyck J S, Dra?ar ?, Lo?t'ák P and Uher C 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 115214 | | [34] | Zhou Z, Chien Y J and Uher C 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 224418 |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
