摘要Nd-doping effects are investigated in TiO2 nanoparticles with various annealing temperatures T from 70 °C to 1100 °C by means of x−ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. XRD results indicate that the sample shows a rutile phase at 1100 °C, which changes to anatase phase at 900 °C. With decreasing T down to 300 °C, a significant lattice shrink is found, that is, the lattice parameter c is significantly suppressed while the a value shows a gradual decrease. With further decrease of T, the c−value shows an unexpected increase while the a−value keeps a gradual decrease. Thus, a lattice distortion takes place with changing the annealing temperature. In Raman investigation, all the Raman modes for the anatase phase show hardening behaviors with decreasing T in the range 900–300 °C, and then the Eg and A1g modes show softening behaviors below 300 °C, suggesting the variation of the lattice distortion. The variation of the lattice distortion at different annealing temperatures is ascribed to different depositions of Nd ions on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Abstract：Nd-doping effects are investigated in TiO2 nanoparticles with various annealing temperatures T from 70 °C to 1100 °C by means of x−ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. XRD results indicate that the sample shows a rutile phase at 1100 °C, which changes to anatase phase at 900 °C. With decreasing T down to 300 °C, a significant lattice shrink is found, that is, the lattice parameter c is significantly suppressed while the a value shows a gradual decrease. With further decrease of T, the c−value shows an unexpected increase while the a−value keeps a gradual decrease. Thus, a lattice distortion takes place with changing the annealing temperature. In Raman investigation, all the Raman modes for the anatase phase show hardening behaviors with decreasing T in the range 900–300 °C, and then the Eg and A1g modes show softening behaviors below 300 °C, suggesting the variation of the lattice distortion. The variation of the lattice distortion at different annealing temperatures is ascribed to different depositions of Nd ions on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles.
[1] Fujishima A and Honda K 1972 Nature 238 37
[2] Weissmann M and Errico L A 2007 Physica B 398 179
[3] Djerdj I and Tonejc A M 2006 J. Alloys Compd. 413 159
[4] Nuansing W, Ninmuang S, Jarernboon W, Maensiri S and Seraphin S 2006 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 131 147
[5] Samuel V, Pasricha R and Ravi V 2005 Ceram. Int. 31 555
[6] Asahi R, Morikawa T, Ohwaki T, Aoki K and Taga Y 2001 Science 293 269
[7] Kocher M, Däubler T K, Harth E, Scherf U, Gügel A and Neher D 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 650
[8] Gopidas K R, Bohorquez M and Kamat P V 1990 J. Phys. Chem. 94 6435
[9] Hoffmann M R, Martin S T, Choi W and Bahnemann D W 1995 Chem. Rev. 95 69
[10] Yuan Z and Zhang L 1998 Nanostruct. Mater. 10 1127
[11] Takeuchi M, Yamashita H, Matsuoka M, Anpo M, Hirao T, Itoh N and Iwamoto N 2000 Catal. Lett. 67 135
[12] Li W, Shah S I, Huang C P, Jung O and Ni C 2002 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 96 247
[13] Banfield J and Navrotsky A 2001 Nanoparticles and the Environment (Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC 2005).
[14] Huang D, Xiao Z D, Gu J H, Huang N P and Yuan C W 1997 Thin Solid Films 305 110
[15] Falcomer D, Daldosso M, Cannas C, Musinu A, Lasio B, Enzo S, Speghini A and Bettinelli M 2006 J. Solid State Chem. 179 2452
[16] Zhao Z and Liu Q 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 085417
[17] Wang Y, Cheng H, Zhang L, Hao Y, Ma J, Xu B and Li W 2000 J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 151 205
[18] Li W, Frenkel A I, Woicik J C, Ni C and Shah S I 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 155315
[19] Rengaraj S, Venkataraj S, Yeon J W, Kimd Y, Li X Z and Pang G K H 2007 Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 77 157
[20] Xu Y H, Chen C, Yang X L, Li X and Wang B F 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 8624
[21] Luca V 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 6367
[22] Cullity B D 1978 Elements of X-ray Diffraction (Addison-Wesley, Massachustts 1978) p 102
[23] Orendorz A, Brodyanski A, Lösch J, Bai L H, Chen Z H, Le Y K, Ziegler C and Gnaser H 2007 Surf. Sci. 601 4390
[24] Li G, Li L, Boerio-Goates J and Woodfield B F 2005 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 8659
[25] Gupta S K, Desai R, Jha P K, Sahoo S and Kirin D 2009 J. Raman Spectrosc. 41 350
[26] Hebenstreit E L D, Hebenstreit W and Diebold U 2000 Surf. Sci. 461 87
[27] Štengl V, Bakardjieva S and Murafa N 2009 Mater. Chem. Phys. 114 217
[28] Shah S I, Li W, Huang C P, Jung O and Ni C 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 6482
2011, Vol. 28 
