Effects of Buoyancy on Langmuir Circulation

Based on the Navier--Stokes equation, an equation describing the Langmuir circulation is derived by a perturbation method when the influences of Coriolis
force and buoyancy force are both considered. The approach used in the analysis is similar to the works carried out by Craik and Leibovich J. Fluid Mech. 73(1976)401, Leibovich J. Fluid Mech. 79(1977)715 and Huang J. Fluid Mech. 91(1979)191. Potential applications of the equation proposed are discussed in the area of Antarctic circumpolar current.