Left-Handed Properties in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Formed by Holographic Lithography

We give an analysis of the frequency distribution trends in the four lowest bands of two-dimensional square lattices formed by holographic lithography (HL) and in the lattices of the same kind but with regular dielectric columns with increasing filling ratios, and then present a comparative study on the left-handed properties in these two kinds of structures using plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The results show that the left-handed properties are more likely to exist in structures with large high-epsilon filling ratios or in a connected lattice.