Experimental Observation of Kink in a Perfect Bidimensional Granular System

The kink formation in a vertical vibrated granular layer has been widely studied in three-dimensional systems, but there are few if any experimental reports on bidimensional granular layers. We report the kink formation newly found in a perfect bidimensional granular system. We measure the range of the driving frequencies and dimensionless accelerations for kinks. Furthermore, we observe a heaping process, which is caused by co-operative action of the kink-associated convection and the sidewall-associated convection.