Blue and Violet Cerenkov Second Harmonic Generation of LaserDiodes in Proton Exchanged MgO:LiNbO₃ Optical Waveguide

Using the Cerenkov second harmonic generation, 478 nm blue and 402nm violet light are generated by direct frequency doubling of 956 and 804 nm diode lasers in a same proton exchanged MgO:LiNbO₃ waveguide. Under the low fundamental guide wave power of less than 1mW, the estimated value of the output blue and violet light power is in the order of 0.1-0.01μW.