Topology of SU(2) Vacuum Through Improved Coolings

The Wilson and the improved cooling methods are used to explore the topological properties of SU (2) gauge field on lattice. Topological charge values which are close to integers are obtained. The measured charges through the Wilson cooling are within about 15% discrepancy to integers, and most of the configurations tend rapidly to 0-charged flat vacuum, while the charges through improved cooling are refined to almost integers within a few percentage of error and the corresponding plateaus last longer. The final charges and the evolutions of the same configuration cooled from various improved actions are different from each other due to the lattice artifact.