Global Statistical Study of Ionospheric Waves Based on COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Data

Extracting and parameterizing ionospheric waves globally and statistically is a longstanding problem. Based on the multichannel maximum entropy method (MMEM) used for studying ionospheric waves by previous work, we calculate the parameters of ionospheric waves by applying the MMEM to numerously temporally approximate and spatially close global-positioning-system radio occultation total electron content profile triples provided by the unique clustered satellites flight between years 2006 and 2007 right after the constellation observing system for meteorology, ionosphere, and climate (COSMIC) mission launch. The results show that the amplitude of ionospheric waves increases at the low and high latitudes (\sim0.15 TECU) and decreases in the mid-latitudes (\sim0.05 TECU). The vertical wavelength of the ionospheric waves increases in the mid-latitudes (e.g., \sim50 km at altitudes of 200–250 km) and decreases at the low and high latitudes (e.g., \sim35 km at altitudes of 200–250 km). The horizontal wavelength shows a similar result (e.g., \sim1400 km in the mid-latitudes and \sim800 km at the low and high latitudes).