A Fractional-Order Phase-Locked Loop with Time-Delay and Its Hopf Bifurcation

A fractional-order phase-locked loop (PLL) with a time-delay is firstly proposed on the basis of the fact that a capacitor has memory. The existence of Hopf bifurcation of the fractional-order PLL with a time-delay is investigated by studying the root location of the characteristic equation, and the bifurcated periodic solution and its stability are studied simply by using "pseudo-oscillator analysis". The results are checked by numerical simulation. It is found that the fractional-order PLL with a time-delay reduces the locking time, and it minimizes the amplitude of the bifurcated periodic solution when the order is properly chosen.