Analysis of Electron Recombination in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Based on the Forward Bias Dependence of Dark Current and Electroluminescence Characterization

The current-voltage and electroluminescence characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are investigated under forward dc bias in a dark environment at room temperature. The results show that the presence of dyes can play an important role in improving device performance, and also produce defects at the TiO₂/dye/electrolyte interfaces, which dominate the electron-hole recombination process and become a limiting factor in obtaining high-efficiency DSSCs. The goodness of fit between measured and calculated data supports these conclusions.