Synchronization of Coupled Neurons Controlled by a Pacemaker

We investigate synchronization of Hindmarsh–Rose neurons with gap junctions under the control of a pacemaker. In a ring Hindmarsh–Rose neuronal network, the coupled neurons with the pacemaker can occur in synchronization more easily than those without the pacemaker. Furthermore, the pacemaker can induce phase synchronization or nearly-complete synchronization of nonidentical neurons. This synchronization can occur more easily when time delay is considered. Theses results can be helpful to understand the activities of the real neuronal system.