Mach--Zehnder Interferometers with Asymmetric Modulation Arms in Applications of High Speed Silicon-on-Insulator Based Optical Switches

Modulation arms with different widths are introduced to Mach--Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) to obtain improved performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have shown that when the widths of the two arms are properly designed to achieve an inherent mπ/2 (m is an odd integer) optical phase difference between the arms, the asymmetric MZI presents higher modulation speed. Furthermore, the carrier-absorption induced divergence of insertion losses in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based MZI optical switches can be obviously improved.