Photorefractive Spatial Dark-Soliton Stripes in LiNbO₃: Fe Crystal and Their Application

We observed the photorefractive spatial dark-soliton stripes in LiNbO₃:Fe crystal, and demonstrate the planar waveguide property of refractive index profile induced by these spatial dark-soliton stripes. We suggest a new mothed to form the planar waveguide utilizing the grating fixing technique.