Fishbone Instability Excited by Electrons in a Tokamak

  • Fishbone instability excited by electrons in tokamak plasma is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The analysis of mode precession resonance indicates that the instability can be excited by barely trapped suprathermal electrons. The fishbone instability of electrons is more easily excited in the region of
    negative magnetic shear than that of positive magetic shear and it is first observed by using electron cyclotron resonance heating in an HL-1M tokamak.
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