Probing the Néel Order in Altermagnetic RuO<sub>2</sub> Films via X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism

Yi-Chi Zhang; Hua Bai; Dong-Hui Zhang; Chong Chen; Lei Han; Shi-Xuan Liang; Rui-Yue Chu; Jian-Kun Dai; Maciek Sawicki; Feng Pan; Cheng Song

doi:10.1088/0256-307X/42/2/027301

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Probing the Néel Order in Altermagnetic RuO₂ Films via X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism

1 Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (MOE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
3 Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland

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Corresponding author:
Cheng Song, Email: songcheng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Received Date: December 13, 2024

Accepted Date: January 06, 2025

Published Date: January 31, 2025

Abstract

Abstract

The emerging altermagnetic RuO$_{2}$ with both compensated magnetic moments and broken time-reversal symmetry possesses nontrivial magneto-electronic responses and nonrelativistic spin currents that are closely related to the magnetic easy axis. Ru $M_{3}$-edge X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) measurements were performed to probe the Néel order in RuO$_{2}$. For epitaxial RuO$_{2}$ films, characteristic XMLD signals were observed for either RuO$_{2}$(100) or RuO$_{2}$(110) at normal incidence or RuO$_{2}$(001) at oblique incidence. The signals disappeared when the test temperature exceeded the Néel temperature. For non-epitaxial RuO$_{2}$ films, the flat lines in the XMLD patterns of RuO$_{2}$(100) and RuO$_{2}$(110) demonstrate that there is no in-plane uniaxial alignment of the Néel order in these samples because of the counterbalanced Néel order of the twin crystals, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction phi-scan measurements. Our experimental results unambiguously demonstrate antiferromagnetism in RuO$_{2}$ films and reveal the spatial relation of the Néel order parallel to the RuO$_{2}$ [001] crystalline axis. These findings deepen the understanding of RuO$_{2}$ and other attractive altermagnetic materials used in the field of spintronics.

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Probing the Néel Order in Altermagnetic RuO₂ Films via X-Ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism