Chemistry of C₂S and C₃S in L1544 with NSRT

Abstract Sulfur-bearing species are widely utilized to investigate the physical structure of star-forming regions in interstellar media; however, the underlying sulfur chemistry in these environments remains poorly understood. Therefore, further studies of S-bearing species are fundamentally important, as they can enhance our understanding of the physical evolution of star-forming regions. This study presents observations of C₂S and C₃S in L1544, acquired using the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope, along with simulations of their chemical behavior using a one-dimensional physical model. The simulation results reveal significant radial variations in the column densities of C₂S and C₃S. Additionally, the column densities of both molecules are found to be sensitive to the cosmic ray ionization rate at several radial positions, while variations in the C/O ratio have comparatively minimal impact on L1544.