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Active Thermal Wave Cloak
Liu-Jun Xu and Ji-Ping Huang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
120501
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/120501
Active metamaterials have shown huge advantages to control electromagnetic and acoustic waves. However, how to use active metamaterials to control thermal waves has not been explored, though thermal waves are significant in various fields. To address the problem, here we report an active scheme for thermal wave cloaks. The thermal waves are based on conduction and convection, which are dominated by the Fourier and Darcy laws, respectively. By calculating the propagation of thermal waves in a free space, we can derive the global temperature and pressure distributions. We then apply these calculation results to actively control the boundary temperature and pressure, and active thermal wave cloaks can be obtained. Compared with existing passive schemes to control thermal waves, the present active scheme is more flexible for switching on/off and changing geometries. This work provides active and controllable components to thermal wave cloaks, which can be further used to design more active thermal wave metamaterials.
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Molecular Opacity Calculations for Lithium Hydride at Low Temperature
Gui-Ying Liang, Yi-Geng Peng, Rui Li, Yong Wu, and Jian-Guo Wang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
123101
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/123101
The opacities of the lithium hydride molecule are calculated for temperatures of 300 K, 1000 K, 1500 K, and 2000 K, at a pressure of 10 atm, in which the contributions from the five low-lying electronic states are considered. The ab initio multi-reference single and double excitation configuration interaction (MRDCI) method is applied to compute the potential energy curves (PECs) of the $^{7}$LiH, including four $^{1}\!\varSigma^{+}$ states and one $^{1}\!\varPi$ state, as well as the corresponding transition dipole moments between these states. The ro-vibrational energy levels are calculated based on the PECs obtained, together with the spectroscopic constants. In addition, the partition functions are also computed, and are provided at temperatures ranging from 10 K to 2000 K for $^{7}$LiH, $^{7}$LiD, $^{6}$LiH, and $^{6}$LiD.
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Observation of Cesium ($nD_{5/2}$+$6S_{1/2}$) Ultralong-Range Rydberg-Ground Molecules
Su-Ying Bai, Jing-Xu Bai, Xiao-Xuan Han, Yue-Chun Jiao, Jian-Ming Zhao, and Suo-Tang Jia
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
123201
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/123201
Ultralong-range Cs$_2$ Rydberg-ground molecules ($nD_{5/2} + 6S_{1/2}F$) ($33 \leq n \leq 39$, $F=3$ or 4) are investigated by a two-photon photo-association spectroscopy of an ultracold Cs gas. Two vibrational ground molecular spectra of triplet $^{3}\!\varSigma$ and hyperfine mixed singlet-triplet $^{1,3}\!\varSigma$ molecular states and their corresponding binding energies are attained. The experimental observations are simulated by an effective Hamiltonian including low energy electron scattering pseudopotentials, the spin-orbit interaction of the Rydberg atom, and the hyperfine interaction of the ground-state atom. The zero-energy singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths are extracted by comparing the experimental observations and calculations. Dependences of the measured binding energies on the effective principal quantum number, $n_{\rm eff} = n - \delta_D$ ($\delta_D$ is the quantum defect of Rydberg $D$ state), yield the scaling of $n_{\rm eff}^{-5.60 \pm 0.16}(^{3}\!\varSigma,F=3)$, $n_{\rm eff}^{-5.62 \pm 0.16}(^{3}\!\varSigma,F=4)$ for deep triplet potential and $n_{\rm eff}^{-5.65 \pm 0.38}(^{1,3}\!\varSigma, F=3)$, $n_{\rm eff}^{-6.19 \pm 0.14}(^{1,3}\!\varSigma,F=4)$ for shallow mixed singlet-triplet potential well. The simulations of low-energy Rydberg electron scattering show agreement well with the experimental measurements.
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Generation and Tunable Focal Shift of the Hybridly Polarized Vector Optical Fields with Parabolic Symmetry
Xu-Zhen Gao, Meng-Shuai Wang, Jia-Hao Zhao, Peng-Cheng Zhao, Xia Zhang, Yue Pan, Yongnan Li, Chenghou Tu, and Hui-Tian Wang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
124201
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/124201
Based on a parabolic coordinate system, we theoretically design and experimentally generate hybridly polarized vector optical fields with parabolic symmetry of the first and second kinds, which can further enrich the family of vector optical fields. The wavefront of this new-kind vector optical field contains circular, elliptic and linear polarizations, and the polarizations can keep the same or change along the parabolic curves. Then we present the realization of tunable focal shift with the hybridly polarized vector optical field, and show a specific law of the focal shift of the focused hybridly polarized vector optical field with the parabolic symmetry. We hope these results can provide a new way to flexibly modulate focal fields, which can be applied in realms such as optical machining, optical trapping and information transmission.
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Hermite Non-Uniformly Correlated Array Beams and Its Propagation Properties
Xue-Chun Zhao, Lei Zhang, Rong Lin, Shu-Qin Lin, Xin-Lei Zhu, Yang-Jian Cai, and Jia-Yi Yu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
124202
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/124202
We study the evolution of spectral intensity and degree of coherence of a new class of partially coherent beams, Hermite non-uniformly correlated array beams, in free space and in turbulence, based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. Such beams possess controllable rectangular grid distributions due to multi-self-focusing propagation property. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that adjusting the initial beam parameters, mode order, shift parameters, array parameters and correlation width plays a role in resisting intensity and degree of coherence degradation effects of the turbulence.
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Extreme Ultraviolet Frequency Comb with More than 100 μW Average Power below 100 nm
Jin Zhang, Lin-Qiang Hua, Zhong Chen, Mu-Feng Zhu, Cheng Gong, and Xiao-Jun Liu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
124203
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/124203
Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb is a powerful tool in precision measurement. It also brings many new opportunities to the field of strong field physics since high harmonic generation related phenomena can be studied with high repetition rate. We demonstrate the generation of an XUV frequency comb with the aid of intra-cavity high harmonic generation process. The setup is driven by a high power infrared frequency comb, and an average power of 4.5 kW is reached in the femtosecond enhancement cavity. With Xe gas as the working media, harmonics up to the 19th order are observed. Power measurement indicates that as much as 115.9 μW (1.3 mW) are generated at $\sim$94 nm ($\sim$148 nm). The shortest wavelength we can reach is $\sim$55 nm. The coherence of the generated light is tested with an optical-heterodyne-based measurement of the third harmonic. The resulted line width is $\sim$3 Hz. In addition, with this system, we also observe a strong suppression of below threshold harmonics from O$_2$ compared to that from Xe. These results suggest that the current system is ready for precision spectroscopic measurements with few-electron atomic and molecular systems in XUV region as well as the study of strong field physics with an unprecedented 100 MHz repetition rate.
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Accuracy of Machine Learning Potential for Predictions of Multiple-Target Physical Properties
Yulou Ouyang, Zhongwei Zhang, Cuiqian Yu, Jia He, Gang Yan, and Jie Chen
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
126301
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/126301
The accurate and rapid prediction of materials' physical properties, such as thermal transport and mechanical properties, are of particular importance for potential applications of featuring novel materials. We demonstrate, using graphene as an example, how machine learning potential, combined with the Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics simulations, can simultaneously provide an accurate prediction of multiple-target physical properties, with an accuracy comparable to that of density functional theory calculation and/or experimental measurements. Benchmarked quantities include the Grüneisen parameter, the thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and thermal conductivity. Moreover, the transferability of commonly used empirical potential in predicting multiple-target physical properties is also examined. Our study suggests that atomic simulation, in conjunction with machine learning potential, represents a promising method of exploring the various physical properties of novel materials.
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HfX$_{2}$ (X = Cl, Br, I) Monolayer and Type II Heterostructures with Promising Photovoltaic Characteristics
Xingyong Huang, Liujiang Zhou, Luo Yan, You Wang, Wei Zhang, Xiumin Xie, Qiang Xu, and Hai-Zhi Song
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
127101
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/127101
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their corresponding van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are considered as promising candidates for highly efficient solar cell applications. A series of 2D HfX$_{2}$ (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers are proposed, via first-principle calculations. The vibrational phonon spectra and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that HfX$_{2}$ monolayers possess dynamical and thermodynamical stability. Moreover, their electronic structure shows that their Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof(HSE06)-based band values (1.033–1.475 eV) are suitable as donor systems for excitonic solar cells (XSCs). The material's significant visible-light absorbing capability (${\sim}10^{5}$ cm$^{-1}$) and superior power conversion efficiency (${\sim}$20%) are demonstrated by establishing a reasonable type II vdW heterostructure. This suggests the significant potential of HfX$_{2}$ monolayers as a candidate material for XSCs.
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Inversion/Mirror Symmetry-Protected Dirac Cones in Distorted Ruby Lattices
Lei Sun, Xiaoming Zhang, Han Gao, Jian Liu, Feng Liu, and Mingwen Zhao
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
127102
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/127102
The exotic electronic band structures of Ruby and Star lattices, characterized by Dirac cone and nontrivial topology, offer a unique platform for the study of two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials. In general, an ideal isotropic Dirac cone is protected by time reversal symmetry and inversion, so that its robustness against lattice distortion is not only of fundamental interest but also crucial to practical applications. Here we systematically investigate the robustness of Dirac cone in a Ruby lattice against four typical lattice distortions that break the inversion and/or mirror symmetry in the transition from Ruby to Star. Using a tight-binding approach, we show that the isotropic Dirac cones and their related topological features remain intact in the rotationally distorted lattices that preserve the inversion symmetry ($i$-Ruby lattice) or the in-plane mirror symmetry ($m$-Ruby lattice). On the other hand, the Dirac cones are gapped in the $a$- and $b$-Ruby lattices that break both these lattice symmetries or inversion. Furthermore, a rotational unitary matrix is identified to transform the original into the distorted lattice. The symmetry-protected Dirac cones were also verified in photonic crystal systems. The robust Dirac cones revealed in the non-mirror symmetric $i$-Ruby and non-centrosymmetric $m$-Ruby lattices provide a general guidance for the design of 2D Dirac materials.
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Gap Structure of 12442-Type KCa$_2$(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_4$As$_{4}$F$_2$ ($x$ = 0, 0.1) Revealed by Temperature Dependence of Lower Critical Field
Jianan Chu, Teng Wang, Han Zhang, Yixin Liu, Jiaxin Feng, Zhuojun Li, Da Jiang, Gang Mu, Zengfeng Di, and Xiaoming Xie
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
127401
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/127401
We report an in-depth investigation on the out-of-plane lower critical field $H_{\rm c1}$ of the KCa$_2$(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_4$As$_{4}$F$_2$ (12442-type, $x$ = 0, 0.1). The multi-gap feature is revealed by the kink in the temperature-dependent $H_{\rm c1}(T)$ curve for the two samples with different doping levels. Based on a simplified two-gap model, the magnitudes of the two gaps are determined to be $\varDelta_1$ = 1.2 meV and $\varDelta_2$ = 5.0 meV for the sample with $x$ = 0, $\varDelta_1$ = 0.86 meV and $\varDelta_2$ = 2.8 meV for that with $x$ = 0.1. With the cobalt doping, the ratio of energy gap to critical transition temperature ($\varDelta/k_{\rm B}T_{\rm c}$) remains almost unchanged for the smaller gap and is suppressed by 20% for the larger gap. For the undoped KCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_{4}$F$_2$, the obtained gap sizes are generally consistent with the results of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments.
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Trion-Facilitated Dexter-Type Energy Transfer in a Cluster of Single Perovskite CsPbBr$_{3}$ Nanocrystals
Zengle Cao, Fengrui Hu, Zaiqin Man, Chunfeng Zhang, Weihua Zhang, Xiaoyong Wang, and Min Xiao
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2020, 37 (12):
127801
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/12/127801
Semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) can interact with each other to profoundly influence the charge transfer, transport and extraction processes after they have been assembled into a high-density film for optoelectronic device applications. These interactions normally occur among several nearby single colloidal NCs, which should be effectively separated from their surroundings to remove the ensemble average effect for fine optical characterizations. By means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoxerography, here we prepare individual clusters of perovskite CsPbBr$_{3}$ NCs and perform single-particle measurements on their optical properties at the cryogenic temperature. While discrete photoluminescence bands can be resolved from the several single CsPbBr$_{3}$ NCs that are contained within an individual cluster, the shorter- and longer-wavelength bands are dramatically different in that their intensities show sub- and superlinear dependences on the laser excitation powers, respectively. This can be explained by the generation of charged excitons (trions) at high laser excitation powers, and their subsequent Dexter-type energy transfer from smaller- to larger-sized CsPbBr$_{3}$ NCs. Our findings not only suggest that these individual clusters prepared by AFM nanoxerography can serve as a potent platform to explore few-NC interactions but they also reveal the long-neglected role played by trions in channeling photo-excited energies among neighboring NCs.
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17 articles
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