Quantum illumination, that is, quantum target detection, is to detect the potential target with two-mode quantum entangled state. For a given transmitted energy, the quantum illumination can achieve a target-detection probability of error much lower than the illumination scheme without entanglement. We investigate the usefulness of noiseless linear amplification (NLA) for quantum illumination. Our result shows that NLA can help to substantially reduce the number of quantum entangled states collected for joint measurement of multi-copy quantum state. Our analysis on the NLA-assisted scheme could help to develop more efficient schemes for quantum illumination.

Following a suggestion by Wheeler, several delayed choice experiments have been performed. However, in those experiments one fact has always been ignored: that due to the fact that the single photon is nonlocal in time, the outcome will change if one changes the time to switch the experimental configuration within the photon's wavepacket. This study obtains some insights into this aspect by proposing an experimental scheme based on the delayed choice experiment and giving some related analysis. The result shows a transitional behavior from a particle to a wave, leading to a conclusion that the measuring operator could be time dependent and be changed in a single measurement.

Performance test of a high precise accelerometer or an inertial sensor on the ground is inevitably limited by the seismic noise. A torsion pendulum has been used to investigate the performances of an electrostatic accelerometer, where the test mass is suspended by a fiber to compensate for its weight, and this scheme demonstrates an advantage, compared with the high-voltage levitation scheme, in which the effect of the seismic noise can be suppressed for a few orders of magnitude in low frequencies. In this work, the capacitive electrode cage is proposed to be suspended by another pendulum, and theoretical analysis shows that the effects of the seismic noise can be further suppressed for more than one order by suspending the electrode cage.

We present a multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) of the time series of return generated by our recently-proposed Ising financial market model with underlying small world topology. The result of the MFDFA shows that there exists obvious multifractal scaling behavior in produced time series. We compare the MFDFA results for original time series with those for shuffled series, and find that its multifractal nature is due to two factors: broadness of probability density function of the series and different correlations in small- and large-scale fluctuations. This may provide new insight to the problem of the origin of multifractality in financial time series.

An optical lattice clock based on ⁸⁷Sr is built at National Institute of Metrology (NIM) of China. The systematic frequency shifts of the clock are evaluated with a total uncertainty of 2.3×10⁻¹⁶. To measure its absolute frequency with respect to NIM's cesium fountain clock NIM5, the frequency of a flywheel H-maser of NIM5 is transferred to the Sr laboratory through a 50-km-long fiber. A fiber optical frequency comb, phase-locked to the reference frequency of this H-maser, is used for the optical frequency measurement. The absolute frequency of this Sr clock is measured to be 429228004229873.7(1.4) Hz.

Wavelength 1064 nm is one of the most widely used laser wavelengths in industries and science. The high-precision measurement of the refractive index of optical materials at 1064 nm is significant for improving the optical design. We study the direct measurement of refractive index at 1064 nm of lasers, including calcium fluoride (CaF₂), fused silica and zinc selenide (ZnSe), whose refractive indices cover a large range from 1.42847 to 2.48272. The measurement system is built based on the quasi-common-path Nd:YAG laser feedback interferometry. The thickness can be measured simultaneously with the refractive index. The results demonstrate that the system has absolute uncertainties of ～10^?5 and ～10^?4 mm in refractive index and thickness measurement, respectively.

We utilize a new framework, CUJET3.0, to deduce the energy and temperature dependence of the jet transport parameter, q^ (E<10 GeV, T), from a combined analysis of available data on nuclear modification factor and azimuthal asymmetries from high energy nuclear collisions at RHIC/BNL and LHC/CERN. Extending a previous perturbative-QCD based jet energy loss model (known as CUJET2.0) with (2+1)D viscous hydrodynamic bulk evolution, this new framework includes three novel features of nonperturbative physics origin: (i) the Polyakov loop suppression of color-electric scattering (aka 'semi-QGP' of Pisarski et al.), (ii) the enhancement of jet scattering due to emergent magnetic monopoles near T_c (aka 'magnetic scenario' of Liao and Shuryak), and (iii) thermodynamic properties constrained by lattice QCD data. CUJET3.0 reduces to v2.0 at high temperatures T>400 MeV, while greatly enhances q^ near the QCD deconfinement transition temperature range. This enhancement accounts well for the observed elliptic harmonics of jets with p_T>10 GeV. Extrapolating our data-constrained q^ down to thermal energy scales, E∼2 GeV, we find for the first time a remarkable consistency between high energy jet quenching and bulk perfect fluidity with η/s∼ T³q^∼0.1 near T_c.

We experimentally realize the dual-wavelength bad cavity laser for the first time. As the Cs cell temperature is kept between 118°C and 144°C, both the 1359 nm and 1470 nm lasing outputs of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser are detected. The laser output power of dual-wavelength bad cavity laser is measured when changing the 455 nm pumping laser frequency and power at 127°C Cs cell temperature. Both the 1359 nm laser and the 1470 nm laser are working at the deep bad cavity regime, and the ratio between the linewidth of cavity mode and the laser gain bandwidth a≈40 for 1359 nm and 1470 nm lasers. The 1470 nm laser linewidth is measured to be 407.3 Hz. The dual-wavelength bad cavity laser operating on atomic transitions demonstrated here has a potential in the application as a stable optical local oscillator, even an active optical frequency standard directly in the future.

The modified Coulomb–Born approximation with and without the internuclear interaction (MCB-NN and MCB) is used to calculate the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for the single ionization of helium by 100 MeV/amu C⁶⁺ impact. The effects of the internuclear interaction on the FDCS are examined in geometries. The results are compared with experimental data and theoretical predictions from a three-body distorted-wave (3DW) model and a time-dependent close-coupling model. It is shown that the present MCB-NN results are in good agreement with the experiments in the scattering plane and the MCB results qualitatively reproduce the experimental structure outside the scattering plane. In particular, the MCB theory predicts the 'double-peak' structure in the perpendicular plane.

We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calculations on the electric field distributions indicate that the coupling between the electric dipolar and quadrupolar resonances in the L- and C-shaped metallic particles contributes to these effects.

A high-power cw all-solid-state Nd:GdVO₄ laser operating at 880 nm is reported. The laser consists of a low doped level Nd:GdVO₄ crystal dual-end-pumped by two high-power diode lasers and a compact negative confocal unstable–stable hybrid resonator. At an incident pump power of 820 W, a maximum cw output of 240 W at 1064 nm is obtained. The optical-to-optical efficiency and slope efficiency are 40.7% and 53.2%, respectively. The M² factors in the unstable direction and in the stable direction are 4.38 and 5.44, respectively.

The local surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of dielectric-Ag core-shell nanospheres are studied by the discrete-dipole approximation method. The result shows that LSPRs are sensitive to the surrounding medium refractive index, which shows a clear red-shift with the increasing surrounding medium refractive index. A dielectric-Ag core-shell nanosphere exhibits a strong coupling between the core and shell plasmon resonance modes. LSPRs depend on the shell thickness and the composition of dielectric-core and metal-shell. LSPRs can be tuned over a longer wavelength range by changing the ratio of core to shell value. The lower energy mode ω_? shows a red-shift with the increasing dielectric-core value and the inner core radius, while blue-shifted with the increasing outer shell thickness. The underlying mechanisms are analyzed with the plasmon hybridization theory and the phase retardation effect.

We show the influences of temperature on the self-imaging in the coherent atomic system which consists of four-level ⁸⁷Rb atoms. The different-direction self-imaging, the corresponding imaging quality, and the imaging contrast ratio in this Doppler broadening medium are studied. As a result, the imaging-position linearly increases with the temperature, while the quality of the self-imaging does not show clear connection with the temperature. Due to the weaker mutual interference in the higher temperature, the contrast ratios in the two directions increase. The interesting results are important and may have potential applications in imaging storage and processing.

We present a polarization-insensitive broadband absorber which has a feature of metal-insulator-metal structures. The top metal layer consists of four-fan-rings-shaped gold. Simulations show that the absorber exhibits an absorption of nearly unity at the wavelength of 386.1 nm and a relative absorption bandwidth of 0.548, which refers to the ratio of the full absorption bandwidth over an absorption of 0.9 to the central wavelength. Meanwhile, the absorption is nearly independent of the polarized direction of the incident wave. This absorption bandwidth with insensitive polarization is widely reported to date for such metal-insulator-metal structures. Such a structure offers a way of realization of a polarization-insensitive broadband absorber ranging in ultraviolet-to-visible wavelengths.

The scattering of an electromagnetic high-order Bessel trigonometric beam by several typical homogeneous dielectric particles is investigated. The incident beam is represented by the vector expressions in Cartesian coordinates. The scattering problems involving homogeneous dielectric particles are formulated with the surface integral equation method. As an example, the effects of the beam's parameters on the differential scattering cross section for a sphere are analyzed in detail. Then the numerical results for the scattering of a high-order Bessel trigonometric beam by three typical nonspherical particles, including a spheroid, a cylinder, and a cube, are presented.

A compact linearly polarized, low?noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950 nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm³⁺-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 1950 nm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135 dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72 dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6 kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.

A narrow linewidth stable high-power continuous-wave 3.5% Tm³⁺ doped LiYF₄ (Tm:YLF) laser is reported. By using dual F–P etalons and three Tm:YLF rods in a cavity, laser output of ～60 W at 1907.7 nm is obtained with a slope efficiency of 34.8%. The M² factor is found to be ～2.0 under an output power of 30 W. In addition, the relaxation oscillation and efficiency of the Tm:YLF laser are also studied. The relaxation oscillation of the Tm:YLF laser is improved obviously by setting the ratio of pump beam to oscillating laser beam as ～1.5:1 and the efficiency is increased in comparison with the ratio of ～1.3:1.

Magneto-acousto-electrical tomography with magnetic induction (MAET-MI) is an imaging modality proposed for noninvasive conductivity imaging of high spatial resolution. A conductivity reconstruction algorithm based on the current vector is presented in the MAET-MI. Firstly, the fundamental mechanism of the MAET-MI is introduced in both the forward and the inverse problems. Then the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is implemented to reconstruct the current vector according to the reciprocal theorem. Furthermore, the two components of the current vector are employed to reconstruct the conductivity, which is based on the proposed logarithmic reconstruction algorithm. Lastly, a computer simulation is conducted to show the capability and the reliability of the proposed method in the conductivity reconstruction.

A long-range sound propagation experiment was conducted in the West Pacific Ocean in July 2013. Linear frequency-modulated signals with a frequency band of 260–360 Hz were transmitted by a transducer hung on a floating ship during the experiment and were received by a horizontal line array towed by another ship sailing away from the transducer. The maximum distance between the two ships was 1029 km. Signals were received at the distances 34–220 km, 612–635 km and 926–1029 km. Transmission loss versus distance between source and receiver was obtained and compared with the theoretical results predicted by the parabolic equation method program RAM. It is shown that RAM is adequate for estimating the transmission loss for distances up to 1029 km. When the water depth is larger than the surface conjugate depth, the ocean bottom rarely influences the transmission loss in the convergence zones. However, in the opposite situation, the ocean bottom contributes significantly to the transmission loss.

A self-organized criticality model of a thermal sandpile is formulated for the first time to simulate the dynamic process with interaction between avalanche events on the fast time scale and diffusive transports on the slow time scale. The main characteristics of the model are that both particle and energy avalanches of sand grains are considered simultaneously. Properties of intermittent transport and improved confinement are analyzed in detail. The results imply that the intermittent phenomenon such as blobs in the low confinement mode as well as edge localized modes in the high confinement mode observed in tokamak experiments are not only determined by the edge plasma physics, but also affected by the core plasma dynamics.

Triggering scheme is a significant factor that may influence the process of vacuum arc initiation. In this work, the characteristics of resistance triggering of a pulsed vacuum arc ion source are investigated and compared with the independent pulse generator triggering. The results show that although the resistance triggering method is capable of triggering a vacuum arc ion source by properly choosing the resistance and electric parameters, it inevitably increases the rise time of the arc current. A high speed multiframe camera is used to reveal the transition process of arc initiation during one shot. From the images it is conjectured that the lower voltage between the cathode and the anode may be the reason that leads to the lower transition speed of discharge at the moment of arc initiation.

Recent studies show that the out-of-plane quadrupolar magnetic field in fast magnetic reconnection is distorted in the presence of a guide field. It is asymmetric with respect to the current sheet. In this work, we analyze the spatial and amplitude asymmetries of the Hall magnetic field B_y and the Hall electric field E_z in reconnection with different guide fields by a series of 2.5-D particle-in-cell simulations. We derive the relation between the asymmetry of B_y and E_z and the guide field strength. In addition, by analyzing the different terms in the generalized ohm's law, we find that the electric field E_z is mainly balanced by the Hall term, and the amplitude asymmetry is mainly caused by the Hall effect.

Amorphous silver nanowires (a-Ag NWs) are fabricated from crystalline Ag NWs by using 5 MeV helium (He⁺) ion beam irradiation. At low dose (5×10¹⁵ ion/cm²), few defects are created in Ag NWs. As dose increases, more damage to the crystalline structure of Ag NWs is observed. Finally at high dose (8×10¹⁶ ion/cm²), the face-centered cubic structure of Ag NWs is transformed into the amorphous structure with similar morphology as Ag NWs. Phase transformation of crystalline Ag NWs upon irradiation with 5 MeV He⁺ ions is observed through high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Synthesis of large scale amorphous metal nanowires and metal nanowire alloy systems are discussed.

The electronic and optical properties of TiS₂ are studied by using an ab-initio calculation within the frame of density functional theory. A linearized and augmented plane wave basis set with the generalized gradient approximation as proposed by Perdew et al. is used for the energy exchange-correlation determination. The results show a metallic character of TiS₂, and the plots of total and partial densities of states of TiS₂ show the metallic character of the bonds and a strong hybridization between the states d of Ti and p of S below the Fermi energy. The optical properties of the material such as real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant (ε(ω)=ε₁ (ω)+iε₂ (ω)), refractive index n(ω), optical reflectivity R(ω), for E//x and E//z are performed for the energy range of 0–14 eV.

The hardness and ideal strength of P-carbon, i.e., a new carbon phase for the cold-compressed carbon with an orthogonal structure recently proposed and named as P-carbon, are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. The strength calculations reveal that the failure mode in P-carbon is dominated by the tensile type. The ideal tensile strength of P-carbon is calculated to be 76.7 GPa in the [001] direction, which is higher than that of the previously known most stable Z-carbon, of 71.4 GPa. Meanwhile, the theoretical Vickers hardness of P-carbon is estimated as 89 GPa, which is comparable with that of diamond. Especially, two types of bonds in P-carbon with hardness values of 114 GPa and 105 GPa are significantly stronger than those of diamond. The results provide insight into exploration of the ultra-hard P-carbon for potentially technological applications.

We design some graphene superlattice structures with ultra-low thermal conductivity 121 W/mK, which is only 6% of the straight graphene nanoribbons. The thermal conductivity of graphene superlattice nanoribbons (GSNRs) is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. It is reported that the thermal conductivity of graphene superlattice nanoribbons is significantly lower than that of the straight graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). Compared with the phonon spectra of straight GNRs, GSNRs have more forbidden bands. The overlap of phonon spectra between two supercells is shrinking.

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the nanoindentation models of monolayer suspended graphene and graphyne. Fullerenes are selected as indenters. Our results show that Young's modulus of monolayer-thick graphyne is almost half of that of graphene, which is estimated to be 0.50 TPa. The mechanical properties of graphene and graphyne are different in the presence of strain. A pre-tension has an important effect on the mechanical properties of a membrane. Both the pre-tension and Young's modulus plots demonstrate index behavior. The toughness of graphyne is stronger than that of graphene due to Young's modulus magnitude. Young's moduli of graphene and graphyne are almost independent of the size ratio of indenter to membrane.

The InGaAs/InAlAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with lattice-matched and pseudomorphic channels are grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. Effects of Si δ-doping condition and growth interruption on the electrical properties are investigated by changing the Si-cell temperature, doping time and growth process. It is found that the optimal Si δ-doping concentration (N_d) is about 5.0×10¹² cm^?2 and the use of growth interruption has a dramatic effect on the improvement of electrical properties. The material structure and crystal interface are analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. An InGaAs/InAlAs/InP HEMT device with a gate length of 100 nm is fabricated. The device presents good pinch-off characteristics and the kink-effect of the device is trifling. In addition, the device exhibits f_T=249 GHz and f_max>400 GHz.

We perform a series of high-pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance measurements on the Weyl semimetal NbAs. The crystal structure remains stable up to 26 GPa according to the powder XRD data. The resistance of NbAs single crystal increases monotonically with pressure at low temperature. Up to 20 GPa, no superconducting transition is observed down to 0.3 K. These results show that the Weyl semimetal phase is robust in NbAs, and applying pressure may not be a good way to obtain a topological superconductor from Weyl semimetal NbAs.

In a double-well system, we investigate theoretically the population distribution of a particle perturbed by a weak sinusoidal signal with a Gaussian white noise accompanied. Our numerical simulation shows that the probability of the particle staying in the right potential well, P_R, exhibits an extreme value at specific noise intensity D depending on the frequency of the sinusoidal signal, which is a key feature of stochastic resonance. This is confirmed by calculating the power spectrum of the output signal, in which the extreme value of the amplitude locates at the same noise intensity. These results provide us with a new way to quantify the stochastic resonance by measuring the population distribution of the particle.

A metal-semiconductor composite with the interfacial shells is investigated theoretically for the large linear magnetoresistance effect of high doping Ag_2+δSe and Ag_2+δTe materials. The magnetoresistance (MR) of composites is a function of the magnetic field, temperature, the conductivities of two phases without magnetic field, and the thickness and conductivity of the interfacial shells. The MR increases with the increase of the magnetic field and with the decrease of temperature, and no saturation is found even under the high magnetic field. Moreover, it is interestingly found that the interfacial shell is an important factor for the MR of the composites. The MR increases with the thickness and the conductivity of the interfacial shells. Lastly, the theoretical results on the MR are compared with the experimental data. It is found that the value of the MR of the composite with the interfacial shell is larger than that without the interfacial shell.

Three-dimensional simulations of ferroelectric hysteresis and butterfly loops are carried out based on solving the time dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations using a finite volume method. The influence of externally mechanical loadings with a tensile strain and a compressive strain on the hysteresis and butterfly loops is studied numerically. Different from the traditional finite element and finite difference methods, the finite volume method is applicable to simulate the ferroelectric phase transitions and properties of ferroelectric materials even for more realistic and physical problems.

It is still challenging to obtain broadband emission covering visible light spectrum as much as possible with negligible angular dependence. In this work, we demonstrate a low driving voltage top-emitting white organic light-emitting diode (TEWOLED) based on complementary blue and yellow phosphor emitters with negligible angular dependence. The bottom copper anode with medium reflectance, which is compatible with the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology below 0.13 μm, and the semitransparent multilayer Cs2CO3/Al/Cu cathode as a top electrode, are introduced to realize high-performance TEWOLED. Our TEWOLED achieves high efficiencies of 15.4 cd/A and 12.1 lm/W at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m² at low voltage of 4 V.

A silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) is thought to be a promising functional substrate for constructing a variety of Si-based optoelectronic nanodevices, due to its unique hierarchical structure and enhanced physical properties. This makes the in-depth understanding of the photoluminescence (PL) of Si-NPA crucial for both scientific research and practical applications. In this work, the PL properties of Si-NPA are studied by measuring both the steady-state and time-resolved PL spectrum. Based on the experimental data, the three PL bands of Si-NPA, i.e., the ultraviolet band, the purple-blue plateau and the red band are assigned to the oxygen-excess defects in Si oxide or silanol groups at the surface of Si nanocrystallites (nc-Si), oxygen deficiency defects in Si oxide, and band-to-band transition of nc-Si under the frame of quantum confinement combining with the surface states like Si=O and Si–O–Si bonds at the surface of nc-Si, respectively. These results may provide some novel insight into the PL process of Si-NPA and may be helpful for clarifying the PL mechanism.

A high-efficiency green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode with a simplified structure is achieved that is free of a hole transport layer. The design of this kind of device structure not only saves the consumption of organic materials but also greatly reduces the structural heterogeneities and effectively facilitates the charge injection into the emissive layer. The resulting green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) exhibit higher electroluminescent efficiency. The maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency reach 23.7% and 88 cd/A, respectively. Moreover the device demonstrates satisfactory stability, keeping 23.7% and 88 cd/A, 22% and 82 cd/A, respectively, at a luminance of 100 and 1000 cd/m². The working mechanism for achieving high efficiency based on such a simple device structure is discussed correspondingly. The improved charge carrier injection and transport balance are proved to prominently contribute to achieve the high efficiency and great stability at high luminance in the green PHOLEDs.

The effect of high-temperature annealing on the yellow and blue luminescence of the undoped GaN is investigated by photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the band-edge emission in the GaN apparently increases, and the yellow luminescence (YL) and blue luminescence (BL) bands dramatically decrease after annealing at 700°C. At the annealing temperature higher than 900°C, the YL and BL intensities show an enhancement for the nitrogen annealed GaN. This fact should be attributed to the increment of the Ga and N vacancies in the GaN decomposition. However, the integrated PL intensity of the oxygen annealed GaN decreases at the temperature ranging from 900°C to 1000°C. This results from the capture of many photo-generated holes by high-density surface states. XPS characterization confirms that the high-density surface states mainly originate from the incorporation of oxygen atoms into GaN at the high annealing temperature, and even induces the 0.34 eV increment of the upward band bending for the oxygen annealed GaN at 1000°C.

A facile route is developed to fabricate BiOCl porous cotton-like nanostructure by using Bi₂O₃ and hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The BiOCl nanomaterial is actually hierarchically structured by numerous ultrathin nanosheets. The nanosheets are around 50–500 nm in lateral size and 2–12 nm in thickness. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction analyses indicate that single-crystalline BiOCl nanosheets have the predominant growth direction along [110], the bottom and top surfaces are {001} facets, and four lateral surfaces are {110} facets. The BiOCl nanosheets are dominantly enclosed by {001} facets. From the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy spectrum, the light absorption edge and band gap energy (E_g) are estimated to be 416 nm and 2.98 eV, respectively. The BiOCl photocatalyst possesses superior activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation under visible light irradiation and the photodegradation efficiency is up to 91.5%/180 min. The correlation between morphology and microstructure with enhanced MO-sensitized photodegradation performance under visible light is investigated.

Effects of the growth temperature on morphological and microstructural evolution of a-plane GaN films grown on r-plane sapphires by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated by atomic force microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Surface morphology, structural quality and related impurity incorporation are very sensitive to the growth temperature. A significant difference of yellow luminescence is observed and attributed to the incorporation of carbon into GaN films, which is confirmed by SIMS analysis. Our results show that the sample with triangular-pit morphology has significantly higher concentrations of oxygen than the other sample with pentagon-like pit morphology, which is induced by the existence of an N-face in triangular pits.

In this study, rose-like nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles with diameters of 400–500 nm are prepared on ITO glass substrates by simple electrodeposition in NiSO₄6H₂O solution at room temperature followed by oxidation in air. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope are used for analyses of the NiO nanoparticles. The ethanol gas sensitivity of these nanoparticles is studied. The results indicate that the rose-like NiO nanoparticles could be used for the fabrication of ethanol gas sensors to monitor the low concentration of ethanol gas in air. Furthermore, at 5 ppm, the NiO nanorose-based sensors show a high response to ethanol (R_g/R_a=8.4).

A quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method is employed to investigate the scalar properties and vector correlations of H+LiF→HF+Li and D+LiF→DF+Li reactions. The collision energy (E_col=4–25 kcal/mol) and vibrational excitation effects (v=0–4) are studied by using the Aguado–Paniagua2-potential energy surface (AP2-PES) [J. Chem. Phys. 107 (1997) 10085]. The reaction probability, cross section and rate constant are calculated, which demonstrate obvious energy and vibrational excitation dependences in the probability, cross section, and a high-temperature region of the rate constant. In addition, two product angular distributions P(θ_r) and P(φ_r) are calculated to facilitate a deeper insight into vector correlations. The H+LiF→HF+Li and D+LiF→DF+Li reactions reveal strong isotopic effects. Moreover, these scalar and vector results of both the reactions show sensitive behaviors to the changes of vibrational levels and the collision energy.

Polymer field-effect transistors operated in the n-channel model with a top-gate/bottom-contact are processed using a solution method. The transistor performance depends on the gate dielectric layer. A high performance polymer transistor is achieved, with the saturated electron mobility of about 0.46 cm²/Vs, threshold voltage nearly 0 V and subthreshold sway of about 0.9 V/decade, employing a polystyrene (PS) dielectric layer. The transistor performances are further improved with increasing current and lower operation voltages by utilizing a bi-layer gate dielectric, comprising a thin PS dielectric layer adjacent to the semiconductor to minimize the density of the interface traps for obtaining a small V_T, a large μ and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dielectric layer with a relatively high-κ adjacent to the gate electrode for enlarging the capacitance, processed from the orthogonal solvents.

A novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor with an interface-gate (IG SOI) structure is proposed, in which the trench polysilicon gate extends into the buried oxide layer (BOX) at the source side and an IG is formed. Firstly, the IG offers an extra accumulation channel for the carriers. Secondly, the subsidiary depletion effect of the IG results in a higher impurity doping for the drift region. A low specific on-resistance is therefore obtained under the condition of a slightly enhanced breakdown voltage for the IG SOI. The influences of structure parameters on the device performances are investigated. Compared with the conventional trench gate SOI and lateral planar gate SOI, the specific on-resistances of the IG SOI are reduced by 36.66% and 25.32% with the breakdown voltages enhanced by 2.28% and 10.83% at the same SOI layer of 3 μm, BOX of 1 μm, and half-cell pitch of 5.5 μm, respectively.

A high sensitive optical amplitude modulation magnetometer is investigated and demonstrated experimentally. We build an experimental platform for the atomic magnetometer and configure it as a Bell–Bloom magnetometer with amplitude modulation of 50% duty cycle square waveform. The open-loop input-output model is deduced from the Bloch equation and is verified experimentally. Instead of locking the frequency by using a voltage control oscillator, we realize a closed loop using the coils to generate a feedback field which avoids the stringent requirement of a high resolution frequency meter and markedly expands the dynamic range as well as the bandwidth. We realize an open loop sensitivity of 0.8 pT/Hz^1/2 at 20 Hz using a single light beam, which exceeds that of the state-of-the-art Bell–Bloom magnetometers, and the corresponding closed loop sensitivity is 1.2 pT/Hz^1/2.