The minimal grand unified theories with three-family should include two extra Z bosons which belong to the different broken scales. Georgi's argument on heavy Dirac fermions has been realized. These fermions should be not bizarre.

Detonation has two different scenarios: the Gyulassy's scenario and the Kapusta's one. The dilepton production rate in the Kapusta's scenario is calculated. Associated with the Gyulassy's scenario, the peculiar property of the spectrum and its dynamical origin in the detonation phase transition are discussed and analyzed. Its spectrum is not a signature for diagnosing the detonation phase transition.

Using the method of multiple scales and considering the nearly two-dimensional modulation of the waves when the dimensionless surface-tension coefficient τ of fluid is close to 1/3, we proposed a new model equation which we call the higher-order KP equation for water wave dgnamics. The exact and explicit two dimensional solitary wave solutions are also given.

Two spherical solitons are vibrating along the direction perpendicular to a line joining the cores of them. The interactive forces that will be attractive or repelling depending on their phase are given.

The concept of electric hexadecapole is adopted to d electron clouds of transition metal. By analogous treattment of nuclear electric hexadecapole interaction with the surrounding electric field, the ligand field splittings of d orbitals is the electric hexadecapole splittings. The electric hexadecapole moment of 3d electron cloud of Ti³⁺ ion has been evaluated as 2.5x10^-50C.m⁴.

The temperature dependence of the photoconductivity σ_p(T) in a-Si:H/a-SiN_x:H superlattices does not decrease with temperature decreasing in the range of 120-250K, but it is temperature independent showing a wide plateau of photoconductivity σ_p in the superlattices with thickness of a-Si:H layer d_si=12 and 57nm. The plateau of σ_p(T) depends on the light intensity. One type of interface state as sensitizing centre was proposed. The parameters of the sensitizing centre were determined by using computer fitting of σ_p(T). The computed results are the same with the experimental data.

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting fibers have been successfully prepared by means of the laser-heated pedestal growth method. The superconductivity of the fiber sample is closely related to the composition of source material, the power of focused laser beams, the pull rate of growing fiber, and the condition of post-annealing. The typical size of samples is 150μm x30mm. The onset of transition was 118K, and zero resistance was 85K. The majority phase in the fibers is the 85K (2-2-1-2) phase of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O materials. Samples are stable and reproduceable.

The microstructure of Nb-containing NdDyFeCoB magnets has been investigated using transmission electron microscope. Very small particles whose diameters are about several to 40Å have been found in as-sintered magnets. It may be formed by self-tempering. Dislocations and stacking faults have been found inside grains. It seems that the increase of coercive field in Nb-containing magnets is closely related with defects and precipitations.

The migration process of Co ions in the cobalt-ferrite epitaxial layer on γ-Fe₂O₃ powder has been studied by magnetic thermal annealing method. The activation energy E and coefficient A of Co ions have been measured. An abnormal increase of coercivity of sample annealed in a transverse magnetic field was found. On the basis of Mössbauer and XPS results the reason of this phenomenon is discussed.

The Ostrovskii-Sutin equation of the longitudinal displacement of an elastic rod has been derived for a DNA chain by taking its structure into account. The perturbation solution of this equation shows that the resonant microwave absorption by DNA in solution is possible. In addition to the primary resonance at ω_n, our theory predicts also a subharmonic resonance at ω_n / 2 . The strength of the latter is proportional to l^-3, where l is the length of DNA chain.

The one-loop string cosmological constant has been calculated by ξ functicn regularizing method. For Wess-Zumino a model, we find the bosonization temperature being less than the critical temperature in compact space S¹. The similar properties in moduli space C₊/SL(2, Z) are also discussed.

A quantum inflationary universe model is proposed, in which the expansion factor S(t) is treated as a q-number, and the cosmological constant A is identified with the energy density of Higgs field. Moreover, the initial quantum state is assumed to be a Gauss wave pocket. In such framework, < S ^3/2> follows the classical de-Sitter expansive law. The relative quantum uncertainty of Hubble size l_H(t) = (S/S)^-1 was computed: Δl_H(t) / < l _H(t)>～Z^-6, where Z is the inflationary factor of universe. This result is basically different from that of Padmanabhan; the discrepency was explained. We conclude that the quantum Hubble size is practically a classical quantity.