The M operation is introduced in η-ξ spacetime to derive the tilde rules in thermo field dynamics (TFD). This leads to an explanation of the tilde system in TFD as the system in region II of η-ξ spacetime.

The motion of test particles around D-stars is investigated by Hamilton-Jacobi method. There may exist bound orbits under certain conditions. The trajector with periastrons at large r are Keplerian in form, except for the periastron shift. The trajectory with periastrons at small r, differ markedly from Keplerian orbits. The radius of the most tightly bound is found.

The splitting of one-phonon coupling states in the weakly coupling model for odd-A nuclei is studied. Matrix elements are given explicitly, and an analytical expression for the energy levels is given in a perturbation approach. An application is given to ⁹³Nb and ⁵¹V. A comparison between the weakly coupling model and the shell model treatment for ⁵¹V is discussed.

The ²⁷AI(n, 2n)²⁶AI cross section is of great interest for the waste disposal assessment of fusion reactor materials and fusion research. By the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry, we have measured the ²⁶AI/²⁷AI ratio of AI₂O₃ powder samples which were irradiated by a neutron beam. The neutron reaction cross section for ²⁷AI(n, 2n)²⁶AI in the energy range of 14.8-14.9MeV are deduced.

The relation between the formation of a unique system and the upward-bending parameter a of 2-D(η, ψ)lnF_q vs InM in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is discussed. It is argued that the correlation between the value of upward-bending parameter a for individual events and the value for the same events of some other quantity, e.g.,K/π ratio, commonly used as quark-gluon plasma signal can be utilized to increase the reliability of this signal.

The in-plane and out-of-plane emissions of light charged particles and intermediate mass fragments were measured for ⁴⁰Ar + ¹⁵⁹Tb collisions at 30 MeV/nucleon. An in-plane enhancement was observed for mid-rapidity light particles and fragments, indicating that a rotational effect exists in this reaction system. This enhancement increased with mass for light particles with Z≤2, but became nearly constant values for fragments with Z≥3. This enhancement was observed to increase strongly with increasing impact parameter.

A time-dependent quantum wave packet calculation for the combustion reaction H + O₂ using double many-body expansion IV potential energy surface was studied. The resonance-like structures of probabilities together with the cross section and rate constant results are given.

Rotationally inelastic He-H₂, D₂, T₂ collision was studied quantum-mechanically. Converged cross sections were calculated by using the close coupling method for relative kinetic energies of 0.01 to 0.54 eV. Born-Oppenheimer approximation was employed to determine the potential surface of He-D₂, He-T₂, and He-H₂. Careful comparison between the cross sections of the isotopically substituted systems was carried out, and the regular changes of the total cross sections of the isotopically substituted He-H₂ colliding systems were obtained.

An ordered colloidal structure of SiO₂ spheres of 0.33μm diameter has been formed in distilled water. It is a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice constant of 0.54μm and a volume fraction of 0.48, as determined by the Kossel rings analysis. The light transmission in the [111] direction exhibited a dip located at 11600cm^-1. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the lowest gap at the L point. The gap center coincides quite well with the measured transmission dip.

In this letter, a new recursive algorithm to implement phase retrieval from two intensities in the two-dimensional Fourier transform domain is presented. In terms of the cascading property and additivity of the order of the fractional Fourier transform, a set of convolution equations is exactly derived. Applying recursive algorithm, these equations can be easily solved. This approach simplifies significantly computational manipulations comparing with conventional iterative algorithms and does not need initial phase distribution.

With surface chemical modification, we have obtained core-shell structure ZnO nanoparticles. The nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical refraction of this new composite material was found to be -3.8 x 10^-l0 esu by Z-scan measurements with a femtosecond pulsed laser. The ultrafast nonlinear response time ~250 fs measured by time-resolved pump-probe techniques suggests that the nonlinearity of this new material originates mainly from a rapid electronic polarization process or virtual process such as the optical Stark effect.

A femtosecond optical Kerr effect experiment has been used to study the dynamic process of third-order optical nonlinearity for organic solvents acetone, acetonitrile, alcohol, benzene, chloroform, dichlomathane, dimenthyl-sulfoxande, dioxane, ethanol, and methanol, etc. The nonlinear refractive index for the solvents at femtosecond time scale was measured.

Shearing interferometry of an ion-etched holographic double-frequency grating is used to measure the optical coherence of femtosecond pulsed lasers. The experimental results show that the optical coherence of the femtosecond light beam is not only related to the spectral width and size of the light source but is also related to the pulse duration and mode-locked laser state. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical calculation are also given. Application of this research is also discussed.

The production of the poloidally sheared flow during electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH) in the collisional tokamak plasmas, which refers to the edge region, is studied. Based on the linearized kinetic drift equation and the fluid equations including the density perturbation term driven by rf waves, the criterion of the destabilization of the poloidal plasma rotation is analytically derived. It is shown that the edge poloidal plasma rotation can be destabilized during ECRH in the present rf power level.

The instability driven by the nongyrotropic newborn ions is studied for oblique propagation. The results show the influence of nongyrotropic on the gyrotropic ring instability decreases when the propagation angle increases. The growth rate in the case of nongyrotropic is smaller than that in the case of gyrotropic. The nongyrotropic also breaks the symmetry of the propagation of the waves in the plane perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field.

Pulsed discharge plasma(PDP) has been used to kill bacteria and the curves of the survival rate of bacteria against treatment time are obtained. Irreversible structural change in the cell membrane is caused by PDP and the cell is thus killed. The sterilization mechanism is analyzed.

A procedure is presented for the calculation of the Mn²⁺-F^- bond length from the superhyperfine constants measured by magnetic resonance experiments. With the present technique it is possible to detect the variation of the bond length, ΔR, down to 0.01 Å. The technique is sensitive enough to determine the bond length R and its variation ΔR experienced when pressure or temperature changes.

The growth of lead tungstate (PWO) single crystals and their luminescence properties such as light yield, scintillation decay time, and transmittance were reported. The colourless PWO single crystal has been obtained by using the presyntheses powder. Ba, Nb, and Mg ions were doped in the crystals and the Ba-doped crystal has a relatively short decay time. Annealed crystal was found having a better transmission spectrum than that of unannealed one.

The organic crystals of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) (or rubidium hydrogen phthalate(RAP)) and thallium hydrogen phthalate(TAP) crystallize out in the same space group of P2₁ab. The growth morphological change between them has been studied via defective observation and growth theoretical calculation, which indicates that the crystals of KAP and RAP grow through the 2D mechanism and the growth mechanism of (001) faces in TAP changes to defect mechanism. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

It was observed with transmission electron microscopy in the In_0.52Al_0.48As/In_xGa_1-xAs/In_0.52AI_0.48As/InP heterostructure that misfit dislocation lines deviate from the <110> directions at a certain angle depending on the indium content x. Such an abnormal alignment of misfit dislocations is explained in terms of an alloy effect on the formation of single jogs on the misfit dislocations in the interface between the III-V ternary compounds.

An experiment has been carried out to investigate the damping behavior of foamed aluminum. It was found that foamed aluminum has a significant nonlinear internal friction character, i.e., its damping capacity is amplitude-dependent, and this character tends to be more pronounced with decreasing the density and pore size.

Substrate-free films of N-(4-n-butoxybenzylidene-4-n-octylaniline (40.8) show a fascinating interlayer interaction. This interaction significantly affects the next ordering transition, or the second hexatic-B order, upon cooling. The Landau-de Gennes theory is employed to model the effect of the enhanced order by surface-ordering field. Based on this model, it is found that the surface-order penetration depth to be less than one layer.

The population of the third (n = 3) two-dimensional electron subband of InGaAs/InAlAs modulation-doped structures has been observed by means of Fourier transform photoluminescence (PL). Three well resolved PL peaks centred at 0.737, 0.908, and 0.980eV are observed, which are attributed to the transitions from the lowest three electron subbands to the n = 1 heavy-hole subband. The subband separations clearly exhibiting the features of the stepped quantum well with triangle and square potentials are consistent with numerical calculation. Thanks to the presence of Fermi cutoff, the population ratio of these three subbands can be estimated. Temperature and excitation-dependent luminescences are also analyzed.

Fine structure in the electron emission process for DX(Sn) centers in AJGaAs has been studied with high resolution Laplace defect spectroscopy. The influence of the different local configuration of AI and Ga atoms around the centers on the electron thermal emissions was observed. An experimental evidence for the microscopic structure of two DX-like centers in Sn-doped AJGaAs is provided.

Specific heat in applied magnetic fields were measured to a low temperature 0.08 K and resistance to 0.5K. The specific heat shows a wide peak at 1 K, and a high value of the electronic coefficient γ (T → 0 ) 1200 mJ/mol.K² is obtained. The temperature independence of the wide peak in specific heat at 1K in magnetic fields further suggests that the high value γ of CeCuGa is due to Kondo effect.

A significant effect of sample thickness on three components of the magnetic flux density distribution on square-shaped superconductor surface is shown, and the critical current density j_c of the superconductor from the fully penetrated field μ₀H^* observed in magneto-optic imaging experiment is calculated.

The valence states of iron in iron catalysts, hydrogen reduced catalysts, and catalytically grown carbon nanotubes are determined by Mössbauer spectra, respectively. The results show that the iron exists as Fe, FeO, and α-Fe₂O₃ in hydrogen reduced catalysts, whereas it exists as Fe-C alloy, FeO, and α-Fe₂O₃ in the catalysts encapsulated in carbon nanotube. It is postulated that Fe in hydrogen reduced catalysts plays the main role in the formation of catalytically grown carbon nanotube.

Micro-grains of wurtzite boron nitride(wBN) crystal have been observed in the region of 5.0-7.0 GPa pressure and 1800-2000 K temperature where cubic boron nitride has been synthesized in the presence of a catalyst. The wBN grain size is about 20-30nm. The presence of these micro-grains indicates that the pressure for wBN growth could be lower than that found in the previous work.

Si-rich SiO₂ films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the silicon substrates, and then implanted with 1 ×10¹⁵cm^-2 400 keV Er ions. After annealing at 800°C for 5 min, the samples show room temperature luminescence around 1.54 μm, characteristic of intra-4f emission from Er³⁺, upon excitation using an Ar ion laser.

Timing analyses of gamma-ray pulsar Geminga were made to check its rotating stability using released energetic gamma-ray experiment (EGRET) data. Phase motions of Geminga were found from EGRET data in 1995. Joint analysis of parameters searching and bootstrap testing showed that the parameters are getting worse when including EGRET data in 1995. Combination of these results may indicate that a small glitch of Geminga occurred in 1995.

In present study, the relations between the ratios of the heavy to light s-element (slow neutron captrue element) abundances and the average neutron exposure are calculated for the intrinsic and extrinsic AGB stars, respectively. In addition, the inverse correlation of these ratios with metallicity is also presented and interpreted quantitatively. This work is based on the evolution of the heavy element abundances of the intrinsic AGB stars, and the calculation on the heavy element overabundances of the extrinsic AGB stars.