We point out that the time-dependent gauge transformation technique may be effective in investigating the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a subsystem in a composite system. As an example, we consider two uniaxially coupled spin -1/2 particles with one of particles driven by rotating magnetic field. The influences of coupling and precession frequency of the magnetic field on geometric phase are also discussed in detail.

The synchronization and pattern dynamics of coupled logistic maps on a certain type of complex network, constructed by adding random shortcuts to a regular ring, is investigated. For parameters where an isolated map is fully chaotic, the defect turbulence, which is dominant in the regular network, can be tamed into ordered periodic patterns or synchronized chaotic states when random shortcuts are added, and the patterns formed on the complex network can be grouped into two or three branches depending on the coupling strength.

We experimentally generate high dimension chaotic waveforms with smooth spectrum using a distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser with unidirectional fibre ring long-cavity feedback, and implement the stable chaos synchronization when the chaotic light is injected into a solitary DFB laser diode. The synchronization quality is investigated by time-domain and frequency-domain analysis separately. The frequency-domain analysis indicates that the synchronization has higher quality in the high frequency band. The influences of the injection strength and the frequency detuning on the synchronization are measured. Our experimental results show that the robust synchronization can be maintained with the optical frequency detuning from -11GHz to 40 GHz.

We concentrate on finding exact solutions for a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg--de Vries equation of physically significance. The analytic N-soliton solution in Wronskian form for such a model is postulated and verified by direct substituting the solution into the bilinear form by virtue of the Wronskian technique. Additionally, the bilinear auto-Bäcklund transformation between the (N-1)- and N-soliton solutions is verified.

A novel design of a tunable terahertz switch and band-pass filter using liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal waveguide is demonstrated. The effects of magnetic field on the photonic bandgaps and transmitting properties of a THz wave are investigated by using the plane wave expansion method and finite difference time domain method. The efficient photonic bandgap tuning is predicted such that the two-dimensional liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal waveguide can serve as a switch and continuously tunable band-pass filter with controlling of the magnetic field.

We calculate the masses and decay constants of the P-wave strange-bottomed mesons B_s0 and B_s1 with the QCD sum rules, and observe that the central values of the masses B_s0 and B_s1 are smaller than the corresponding BK and B*K thresholds respectively, the strong decays B_s0→BK and B_s1B*K are kinematically forbidden. They can decay through the isospin violation processes B_s0→B_sη→wB_sπ⁰ and B_s1→ B_sη→ B_s*π⁰. The bottomed mesons B_s0 and B_s1, just like their charmed cousins D_s0(2317) and D_s1(2460), may be very narrow.

We perform a complete calculation for the dilepton production from the processes qq^-→ll^-, Compton-like (qg→qll^-, q^-g→q^-ll^-),qq^-→gll^-, gluon fusion gg^-→cc^-, annihilation qq^-→cc^- as well as multiple scattering of quarks in a chemically equilibrating quark--gluon plasma system at finite baryon density. It is found that quark-antiquark annihilation, Compton-like, gluon fusion and multiple scattering of quarks give important contribution. Moreover, the increase of the quark phase life-time with increasing initial quark chemical potential makes the dilepton yield as an increasing function of the initial quark chemical potential.

An investigation on the equation of state of the isospin asymmetric, hot, dense matter of nucleons and deltas is performed based on the relativistic mean field theory. The QHD-II-type effective Lagrangian extending to the delta degree of freedom is adopted. Our results show that the equation of state is softened due to the inclusion of the delta degree of freedom. The baryon resonance isomer may occur depending on the delta-meson coupling. The results show that the densities for appearing the baryon resonance isomer, the densities for starting softening the equation of state and the extent of the softening depend not only on the temperature, the coupling strengths but also the isospin asymmetry of the baryon matter.

A hypothesis is brought forward that the materials with low propagation loss in both optical and microwave band may exhibit good performance in terahertz (THz) band because THz wave band interspaces those two wave bands. For the purpose of exploring a kind of low-loss material for THz waveguide, Lu_2.1Bi_0.9Fe₅O₁₂(LuBiIG) garnet films are prepared by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method on a gadolinium~gallium~garnet (GGG) substrate from lead-free flux because of the good properties in both optical and microwave bands. In microwave band, the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth of the film 2∆H=2.8-5.1Oe; in optical band, the optical absorption coefficient is 600cm^-1 at visible range and about 100-170cm^-1 when the wavelength is longer than 800nm. In THz range, our hypothesis is well confirmed by a THz-TDS measurement which shows that the absorbance of the film for THz wave is 0.05-0.3cm^-1 and the minimum value appears at 2.3THz. This artificial ferromagnetic material holds a great promise for magnetic field tunable THz devices such as waveguide, modulator or switch.

We report a numerical investigation on terahertz wave propagation in plastic photonic band-gap fibres which are characterized by a 19-unit-cell air core and hexagonal air holes with rounded corners in cladding. Using the finite element method, the leakage loss and absorption loss are calculated and the transmission properties are analysed. The lowest loss of 0.268dB/m is obtained. Numerical results show that the fibres could liberate the constraints of background materials beyond the transparency region in terahertz wave band, and efficiently minimize the effect of absorption by background materials, which present great advantage of plastic photonic band-gap fibres in long distance terahertz delivery.

Employing the Mueller matrix method with polar decomposition, we analyse the polarization rotation (PR) effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and demonstrate that the PR angle is linear to the birefringence dependent gain while the average PR coefficient is about 0.625 for the employed SOA. It is further evident that the current and optical intensity dependent PRs rotate reversely around the same axis. Thus we propose an optical-electric synchronous control scheme to obtain orthogonal polarization states with power-equalization, and implement it by a polarization-sensitive SOA. The polarization duration time is about 10 ns which is applicable to high-speed polarization state generation.

Optically generated 20-GHz microwave carriers with phase noise lower than -75dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset and lower than -90dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset are
obtained using single- and double-sideband injection locking. Within the locking range, the effect of sideband injection locking can be regarded as narrow-band amplification of the modulation sidebands. Increasing the current of slave laser will increase the power of beat signal and reduce the phase noise to a certain extent. Double-sideband injection locking can increase the power of the generated microwave carrier while keeping the phase noise at a low level. It is also revealed that partially destruction of coherence between the two beating lights in the course of sideband injection locking would impair the phase noise performance.

We report on a passively Q-switched quasi-cw diode-pumped Nd:YAG including an intracavity optical parametric oscillator. The dynamics of this system is described by solving the coupled equations. The effect of the initial transmission of Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber on the signal wave operation is studied. Under optimum conditions, we achieve 2.3mJ energy at 1.57μm wavelength for 40Hz repetition rate. The peak power of the pulses amounts to 0.88MW with the pulse width of 2.6ns. When the Fresnel reflection losses of the filters are taken into account, the pulse energy would be higher than 2.3mJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest pulse energy and peak power for such a type of single resonant quasi-cw diode pumped Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG IOPO laser.

We report an efficient pumping scheme which involves a direct excitation of the upper lasing level of a four-level laser in a Nd-doped Ca₃(NbGa)_2-xGa₃O₁₂ (Nd:CNGG) by using a tunable Ti:sapphire, 700-920nm, cw pump source. The slope efficiency is improved from 10.5% of the traditional band pumping at 808nm to 21.8% of the direct pumping at 882nm. The influence of pumping wavelength on lasing is discussed. We present a scheme of double pumping for lasing.

We demonstrate a photonic crystal hetero-waveguide based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) slab, consisting of two serially connected width-reduced photonic crystal waveguides with different radii of the air holes adjacent to the waveguide. We show theoretically that the transmission window of the structure corresponds to the transmission range common to both waveguides and it is in inverse proportion to the discrepancy between the two waveguides. Also the group velocity of guided mode can be changed from low to high or high to low, depending on which port of the structure the signal is input from just in the same device, and the variation is proportional to the discrepancy between the two waveguides. Using this novel structure, we realize flexible control of transmission window and group velocity of guided mode simultaneously.

A cascaded buffer based on nonlinear polarization rotation in semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed, which is suitable for fast reconfiguration of buffering time at picoseconds. With the proposed buffer, sixty different buffer times are demonstrated at 2.5Gb/s.

Thermal diffusion of dopants is investigated in the process of generating the graded-index profile of plastic optical fibres. Because the diffusion coefficient in high polymers has been shown to depend strongly on dopant concentration, it is allowed in this work to vary with the radial coordinate of the multistep-core fibre. A novel multi-layer model is presented for solving the diffusion equation with the variable diffusion coefficient. It is solved by the finite difference method. The solution determines the dopant diffusion profile in the fibre. It is verified against a solution from the literature and two cases of fibres with diffused profiles. The application is demonstrated on two examples of graded-index plastic optical fibres, one originally with a two-step and the other with four-step core. The results indicate that closer to the core-cladding interface, the computed diffused profile with variable diffusion coefficient D is closer to target profile than the profile obtained with constant D for the same time of thermal process.

The multi-bifurcation effect of blood flow is investigated by lattice Boltzmann method at Re=200 with six different bifurcation angles α, which are 22.5°, 25°, 28°, 30°, 33°, 35°, respectively. The velocities and ratios of average velocity at various bifurcations are discussed. It is indicated that the maximum velocity at the section near the first divider increases and shifts towards the walls of branch with the increase of α. At the first bifurcation, the average horizontal velocities increase with the increase of α. The average horizontal velocities of outer branches at the secondary bifurcation decrease at 22.5°≤ α≤30° and increase at 30°≤α≤ 35°, whereas those of inner branches at the secondary bifurcation have the opposite variation, as the same as the above variations of the ratios of average horizontal velocities at various bifurcations. The ratios of average vertical velocities of branch at first bifurcation to that of outer branches at the secondary bifurcation increase at 22.5°≤α≤30° and decrease at 30°≤ α ≤ 35°, whereas the ratios of average vertical velocities of branch at first bifurcation to that of inner branches at the secondary bifurcation always decrease.

The translocation of polymer chain through a small pore from a high concentration side (cis side) to a low concentration side (trans side) is simulated by using Monte Carlo technique. The effect of the polymer--pore interaction on the translocation is studied. We find a special interaction at which the decay of the number of polymer chain, N, at the cis side obeys Fick's law, i.e. N decreases exponentially with time. The behaviour is analogous to the diffusion of hard sphere.

We show the necessity of leaving out the approximation of constant average electron energy in many fluid models. For this purpose a one-dimensional self-consistent model for He atmospheric barrier discharges is developed. With this model, the electron energy distribution function in the atmospheric pressure glow discharge is obtained without introducing much difficulty, and the new model is readily implemented for investigating discharges in complicated gases.

We study the propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a simple two-dimensional plasma by using the extended Poincaré-Lighthill--Kuo perturbation method. We consider the interaction between two ion-acoustic solitary waves with different propagation directions in such a system, and obtain two Korteweg-de Vries equations for small but finite amplitude solitary waves along both ξ and η trajectories. The effects of the ratio of ion temperature σ, the ratio of heat capacity γ and the colliding angle α on the amplitude, the width of the new nonlinear wave created by the collision between two solitary waves are studied. The effects of these parameters on both the colliding solitary waves are examined as well. It is found that all the above-mentioned parameters have significant effects on the properties of these nonlinear waves.

Ti--Si--N thin films with different silicon contents are deposited by a cathodic arc technique in an Ar+N₂+SiH₄ mixture atmosphere. With the increase of silane flow rate, the content of silicon in the Ti--Si--N films varies from 2.0at.% to 12.2at.%. Meanwhile, the cross-sectional morphology of these films changes from an apparent columnar microstructure to a dense fine-grained structure. The x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the Ti--Si--N film consists of TiN crystallites and SiN_x amorphous phase. The corrosion resistance is improved with the increase of silane flow rate. Growth defects in the films produced play a key role in the corrosion process, especially for the local corrosion. The porosity of the films decreases from 0.13% to 0.00032% by introducing silane at the flow rate of 14sccm.

We present the high-temperature characteristics of Ti/Al/Ni/Au(15nm/220nm/40nm/50nm) multiplayer contacts to n-type GaN (N_d=3.7×10¹⁷cm^-3, N_d=3.0×10¹⁸cm^-3). The contact resistivity increases with the measurement temperature. Furthermore, the increasing tendency is related to doping concentration. The higher the doped, the slower the contact resistivity with decreasing measurement temperature. Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact to heavy doping n-GaN takes on better high temperature reliability. According to the analyses of XRD and AES for the n-GaN/Ti/Al/Ni/Au, the Au atoms permeate through the Ni layer which is not thick enough into the Al layer even the Ti layer.

Structural, elastic and electronic properties of ReO₂ are investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The ground state
of ReO₂ has an orthorhombic symmetry which belongs to space group Pbcn with a=4.7868Å b=5.5736Å, and c=4.5322Å. The calculated bulk moduli are 322GPa, 353GPa, and 345GPa for orthorhombic, tetragonal, and monoclinic ReO₂, respectively, indicating that ReO₂ has a strong incompressibility. ReO₂ is a metal ductile solid and presents large elastic anisotropy. The obtained Debye temperatures are 850K for orthorhombic, 785K for tetragonal, and 791K for monoclinic ReO₂.

InP film samples were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using aqueous solutions of InCl₃ and Na₂HPO₄, which were atomized with compressed air as carrier gas onto glass substrates at 500°C with different thicknesses of the films. It is found that the resistivity of the polycrystalline films strongly depends on the grain size. It is observed that the grain size of the films increase with the decrease of the energy band gap and strain of the film. The changes observed in the energy band gap and strain related to the film grain size of the films are discussed in detail.

We report the characterization of self-assembled epitaxially grown FeSi₂ nanowires (NWs) in terms of electrical and magnetic properties. NWs grown by reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) on silicon (110) show dimensions of 10nm×5nm, and several micrometres in length. By using conductive-AFM (c-AFM), electron transport properties of one single NW is measured, resistivity of a single crystalline FeSi₂ NW is estimated to be 225μ\Ω ・cm. Using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), we measure a magnetic moment of 0.3±0.1 Bohr magneton per iron atom for these FeSi₂ NWs.

A new model for the linear magentoresistance (MR) of the Ag_2+δSe and Ag_2+δ Te thin films is proposed. The thin film is considered as a metal--semiconductor composite and dispersed into an N×N quasi-random resistor network. The network is constructed from four-terminal resistors and the mobility of carries μ within the network has a quasi-random distribution, i.e. a Gaussian distribution with two constraint conditions. The model predicts that the MR increases with the increasing magnetic fields, and increases linearly at high field. Moreover, the MR decreases with the increasing temperatures. A good agreement between the theoretical MR and the available experimental data is found.

A distributed feedback laser with the sampled grating has been designed and fabricated. The typical threshold current of the sampled grating based DFB laser is 32mA, and the output power is about 10mW at the injected current of 100mA. The lasing wavelength is 1.5564μm, which is the -1^st order mode of the sampled grating.

A definition of network entropy is presented, and as an example, the relationship between the value of network entropy of ER network model and the connect probability p as well as the total nodes N is discussed. The theoretical result and the simulation result based on the network entropy of the ER network are in agreement well with each other. The result indicated that different from the other network entropy reported before, the network entropy defined here has an obvious difference from different type of random networks or networks having different total nodes. Thus, this network entropy may portray the characters of complex networks better. It is also pointed out that, with the aid of network entropy defined, the concept of equilibrium networks and the concept of non-equilibrium networks may be introduced, and a quantitative measurement to describe the deviation to equilibrium state of a complex network is carried out.

We present an empirical investigation of 14 real world networks, which can be described by bipartite graphs. We show that the basic elements (the actor nodes) in all the networks cooperate and compete in some acts (activities, organizations, or events). Each node is assigned by a `node weight', which denotes the obtained competition result. We are interested in the distribution and disparity of the node weight and propose three parameters for the description. Firstly, empirically we observe that the total node weight distributions of all the systems may be fitted by the so-called `shifted power law' function form. The key parameters of the function, α and γ, can be used to describe the disparity. Secondly, a `node weight disparity', Y, is defined for the same purpose. The empirical relationships among the parameters Y, α and γ, are obtained. From the relationships between Y and α as well as Y and γ, one can deduce the relationship between α and γ, which is in a good agreement with the empirically obtained relationship. The results show that the node weight distribution is very uneven.