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Prisoner's Dilemma Game on Clustered Scale-Free Networks under Different Initial Distributions
LEI Chuang JIA Jian-Yuan, CHEN Xiao-Jie, CONG Rui, WANG Long,
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
080202
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/080202
The evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game is investigated under different initial distributions for cooperators and defectors on scale-free networks with a tunable clustering coefficient. It is found that, on the one hand, cooperation can be enhanced with the increasing clustering coefficient when only the most connected nodes are occupied by cooperators initially. On the other hand, if cooperators just occupy the lowest-degree nodes at the beginning, then the higher the value of the clustering coefficient, the more unfavorable the environment for cooperators to survive for the increment of temptation to defect. Thereafter, we analytically argue these nontrivial phenomena by calculating the cooperation probability of the nodes with different degrees in the steady state, and obtain the critical values of initial frequency of cooperators below which cooperators would vanish finally for the two initial distributions.
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A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Validity of Wenzel and Cassie's Equations
TAN Shuai-Xia, LU Xiao-Ying, LI Wen, ZHAO Ning, ZHANG Xiao-Li, XU Jian
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
080502
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/080502
Wettable properties of a considered solid on its contact angle (CA) can be analyzed theoretically using the classical Wenzel and Cassie's equations. However, recent strong interest in superhydrophobic surfaces has demanded a re-examination of the applicability of the two equations. We report a thermodynamic analysis to determine the universality, in particular, the limitations of the two equations. Using some special surfaces, we demonstrate that the two equations are valid for micro-scale heterogeneous structures, however they are invalid for macro-scale heterogeneous surfaces. Furthermore, the present calculations suggest that fundamental thermodynamic analysis is the most powerful and reliable approach to determine the comprehensive wettability for various structurally patterned surfaces.
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Clarification of Confusion in Level Scheme of 124Cs
YANG Dong, LU Jing-Bin, LIU Yun-Zuo, WANG Lie-Lin, MA Ke-Yan, YANG Chuan-Ding, HAN De-Kai, ZHAO Yan-Xin, MA Ying-Jun, ZHU Li-Hua, WUXiao-Guang, LI Guang-Sheng
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
082101
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/082101
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Quasi-Elastic Scattering of 16C from 12C at 47.5 MeV/Nucleon
FAN Feng-Ying, ZHENG Tao, YE Yan-Lin, JIANG Dong-Xing, HUA Hui, LIZhi-Huan, GE Yu-Cheng, LI Xiang-Qing, LOU Jian-Ling, SHI Fan, LV Lin-Hui, CAO Zhong-Xin, NIE Peng-Xuan, LI Qi-Te, SONG Yu-Shou, LU Fei, XU Hu-Shan, HU Zheng-Guo, WANG Meng, ZHANG Xue-Ying, LI Chen, CHEN Ruo-Fu, TANG Bin, XU Zhi-Guo, YUE Ke, ZHANG Ya-Peng, ZANGYong-Dong, ZHANG Xue-Heng, YAO Xiang-Wu, CHEN Jin-Da, TU Xiao-Lin, ZHANG Jie, WU Da-Peng, BAI Zhen
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
082501
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/082501
Differential cross sections for the quasi-elastic scattering of 16C at 47.5MeV/nucleon from 12C target are measured. Coupled-channels calculations are carried out and the optical potential parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental angular distribution.
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Probing the Dissipation Mechanism in Ternary Reactions of 197Au+197Au by Mean Free Path of Nucleons
TIAN Jun-Long, LI Xian, YAN Shi-Wei, , WU Xi-Zhen, LI Zhu-Xia
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
082504
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/082504
the collision of very heavy nuclei 197Au+197Au at 15 A MeV has been studied within the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. A class of ternary events satisfying nearly complete balance of mass numbers is selected. The experimental mass distributions for the system 197Au+197Au ternary fission fragments, the heaviest (A1), the intermediate (A2) and the lightest (A3), are reproduced well. The mean free path of nucleons in the reaction system is studied and the shorter mean free path is responsible for the ternary fission with three mass comparable fragments, in which the two-body dissipation mechanism plays a dominant role.
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High-Power Ion Beam Characteristics of a Magnetic Multi-Pole Line-Cusp Ion Source for the HL-2A Tokomak
ZOU Gui-Qing, LEI Guang-Jiu, JIANG Shao-Feng, CAO Jian-Yong, YU Li-Ming, LU Da-Lun, YANG Li-Mei, LIU He, JIANG Tao, ZHANG Xian-Ming
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
082901
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DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/082901
A circular magnetic multi-pole line-cusp ion source with a nominal 45keV 25A hydrogen ion beam is developed for the neutral beam injector of the HL-2A tokomak. At present, this bucket ion source can produce a 40keV 20A hydrogen ion beam for less than 100ms on a test bed, and a 35keV 13A ion beam for 300ms on the injector of the HL-2A tokomak. The 1/e half-width of the ion beam power profile is about 6.0±0.2 cm at the position of 3.26m downstream from ion source, and the corresponding divergence degree is nearly 1.1. The optimum perveance matched conditions were obtained experimentally, and were in good agreement with the values from experiential equation of Uhlemann et al The maximum of optimum perveance reached 2.2×10-6 A/V1.5 for 38keV beam energy. An ion beam with above 60% H+ species fraction can be achieved, which was measured by Hα light Doppler shift spectroscopy. According to research results, a neutral beam with a total power of more than 0.6MW was successfully injected into the plasma of the HL-2A Tokomak in 2008.
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Bose-Einstein Condensates in a One-Dimensional Optical Lattice: from Superfluidity to Number-Squeezed States
WANG Xiao-Rui, YANG Lu, TAN Xin-Zhou, XIONG Hong-Wei, LÜ, Bao-Long
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
083701
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/083701
We study the phase coherence property of Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice formed by a standing-wave laser field. The lattice depth is determined using a method of Kapitza-Dirac scattering between a condensate and a short pulse lattice potential. Condensates are then adiabatically loaded into the optical lattice. The phase coherence property of the confined condensates is reflected by the interference patterns of the expanded atomic cloud released from the optical lattice. For weak lattice, nearly all of the atoms stay in a superfluid state. However, as the lattice depth is increased, the phase coherence of the whole condensate sample is gradually lost, which confirms that the sub-condensates in each lattice well have evolved into number-squeezed states.
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A Method of Analyzing Transmission Losses in Left-Handed Metamaterials
WANG Jia-Fu, QU Shao-Bo, XU Zhuo, ZHANG Jie-Qiu, MA Hua, YANGYi-Ming, GU Chao
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
084103
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/084103
A method of analyzing transmission loss in left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) is proposed. As a demonstration of this method, transmission loss of LHMs composed of split-ring resonators (SRR) and conducting wires is studied. By means of retrieving and analyzing the effective constitutive parameters, different transmission losses as well as their origins are studied. The results show that the left-handed bandwidth is narrowed because of high loss caused by the non-zero high imaginary parts of the effective permeability and permittivity. In the effective left-handed band, the radiation loss is very low and can be neglected, and the transmission losses are the sum of the substrate loss and the ohmic loss. Moreover, when the dielectric loss tangent of the substrate is greater than 0.003, the substrate loss is higher than the ohmic loss.
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Anti-Stokes Frequency Shift and Evolution in Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber with Two-Zero Dispersion Wavelengths
WANG He-Lin, LENG Yu-Xin, XU Zhi-Zhan, QI Yi-Hong, HU Ming-Lie, WANGChing-Yue
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
084201
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/084201
Using the tunable pump pulses with about 100fs pulse duration and 1064nm central wavelength; the polarization-, wavelength- and power-dependent anti-Stokes lines are generated and modulated simultaneously in a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) with two zero-dispersion wavelengths. By accurately controlling the polarization directions, the wavelength and the power of the pump pulse in the fiber anomalous region close to the second zero-dispersion wavelength of the PM-PCF, the output anti-Stokes pulse spectra can be tuned between 563nm and 603nm, which is in good agreement with the theoretical simulation. The color conversion of the mode image from yellow to orange is also observed with the different polarization pump pulses. These results can be attributed to the combined interaction between the fiber birefringence (including linear- and nonlinear-birefringence) and dispersion, and are attributed to phase-matching parametric four-wave mixing.
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Vortex Structures and Behavior of a Flow Past Two Rotating Circular Cylinders Arranged Side-by-Side
GUO Xiao-Hui, LIN Jian-Zhong, NIE De-Ming
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
084701
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/084701
We present a study on the vortex structures and behavior of a flow past two rotating circular cylinders arranged side-by-side at a range of absolute rotational speeds (|α|≤2) for two different gap spacings g*=1.5 and 0.7 at Reynolds numbers Re=160 and 200. The results show that the flow becomes stabilized and finally steady beyond the critical rotational speed as |α| increases, regardless of the variation in Re and g*. The value of critical rotational speed increases with increasing Re. The wake patterns change in the unsteady regimes for g*=1.5 and 0.7. With increasing |α|, the time-averaged drag coefficient -CD decreases and the lift coefficient -CL increases, respectively. CD at Re=160 and g*=0.7 decreases rapidly, resulting in the smallest value at the same |α| for 1≤|α|≤2. -CD augments with increasing g* at the same |α|. For g*=1.5, -CD has a little disparity between the cases of Re=160 and 200. For the flow past two still cylinders, -CL is inversely proportional to g* of two cylinders for a fixed |α|, and is not dependent on Re.
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One-Dimensional Fluid Model for Dust Particles in Dual-Frequency Capacitively Coupled Silane Discharges
LIU Xiang-Mei, SONG Yuan-Hong, WANG You-Nian
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
085201
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/085201
A self-consistent fluid model, which incorporates density and flux balances of electrons, ions, neutrals and nanoparticles, electron energy balance, and Poisson's equation, is employed to investigate the capacitively coupled silane discharge modulated by dual-frequency electric sources. In this discharge process, nanoparticles are formed by a successive chemical reactions of anion with silane. The density distributions of the precursors in the dust particle formation are put forward, and the charging, transport and growth of nanoparticles are simulated. In this work, we focus our main attention on the influences of the high-frequency and low-frequency voltage on nanoparticle densities, nanoparticle charge distributions in both the bulk plasma and sheath region.
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Theoretical Investigations on the Off-Center Displacement of Co2+ in SrO by Analyzing Its Anisotropic g Factors
LU Guang-Duo, ZHANG Huai-Wu, TANG Xiao-Li, ZHONG Zhi-Yong, PENG Long
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086103
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086103
The off-center displacement of Co2+ ion in SrO crystal is investigated by analyzing its anisotropic g factors gx, gy and gz through diagonalization of the 6×6 energy matrix within 4T1 ground state for a 3d7 ion under rhombic symmetry. In the matrix, the contributions from the admixtures of various J(=1/2, 3/2, 5/2) states and the fourth-order term Dη of rhombic crystal-fields and the ligand orbitals and spin-orbit coupling interactions, which are usually ignored in the previous studies, are considered. Both g factors (gx=4.172, gy=5.004 and gz=2.133) and the off-displacement value (ΔR≈0.023nm) show good agreement with the experimental data.
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Neutron Diffraction Measurements of a Thermally Fatigued Single Crystal Superalloy
SUN Guang-Ai, CHEN Bo, WU Er-Dong, LI Jin-Chao, T. Pirling, D. Hughes
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086201
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086201
The thermally fatigued single crystal superalloy DZ125L is investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. The measurements, made using the φ angle oscillating method, provide more detailed and reliable data than those with the φ angle fixed. Diffraction studies show that the influence of thermal fatigue on the lattice parameters of the alloy is very limited. The stress analysis reveals that triaxial elastic hydrostatic stress plays a major role during thermal fatigue. The magnitude of the macrostress increases with the fatigue cycles, with the stress of the γ phase increasing more significantly than that of the γ' phase, and becoming fragile after many cycles. The changes in the microstrain are dependent on the reflection planes. The microstrains at the center of the sample are released by the thermal fatigue in comparison with those at the outlying locations, which has been attributed to the advance of the dislocation slips.
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CuO Nanosheets Synthesized by Hydrothermal Process
JIANG Zhi-Ang, CHEN Jiang-Tao, WANG Jun, ZHUO Ren-Fu, YAN De, ZHANG Fei, YAN Peng-Xun
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086202
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086202
CuO nanosheets are synthesized by oxidation of commercial Cu substrates through the hydrothermal process at 150°C. The as-synthesized nanosheets are characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For comparison, Cu substrates are also oxidized without NaOH added in precursor solution. The results show that the morphology of CuO could be controlled by NaOH, which demonstrates that NaOH can serve as a cosolvent and modifier in the reaction system. The possible mechanism of the growth of CuO nanosheets is also discussed.
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First-Principles Calculations of Elastic and Thermal Properties of Molybdenum Disilicide
ZHU Zun-Lue, FU Hong-Zhi, SUN Jin-Feng, LIU Yu-Fang, SHI De-Heng, XU Guo-Liang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086203
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086203
The first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method using the generalized gradient approximation within the framework of density functional theory is applied to anaylse the equilibrium lattice parameters, six independent elastic constants, bulk moduli, thermal expansions and heat capacities of MoSi2. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, using a set of total energy versus cell volume obtained with the plane-wave pseudopotential method, is applied to the study of the elastic properties, thermodynamic properties and vibrational effects. The calculated zero pressure elastic constants are in overall good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated heat capacities and the thermal expansions agree well with the observed values under ambient conditions and those calculated by others. The results show that the temperature has hardly any effect under high pressure.
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Self-Organization of Weighted Networks in Connection with the Misanthrope Process
MENG Qing-Kuan, ZHU Jian-Yang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086401
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086401
From an undirected random graph, by the weight redistribution of the edges, we obtain a weighted network. The weight redistribution of the edges can be connected to the well-known Misanthrope process, in which distinguishable particles hop among different urns. Under specific conditions, the condensation phenomena can be observed, i.e., nearly all the edges connect to one vertex in the network. When there is no condensation, by adjusting the parameters, the strength distribution can be scale-free or exponentially decreasing. The numerical results fit well with the analytical ones.
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Tunable Anisotropic Absorption of Ag-Embedded SiO2 Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition
XIAO Xiu-Di, DONG Guo-Ping, SHAO Jian-Da, FAN Zheng-Xiu, HE Hong-Bo, QI Hong-Ji,
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086801
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086801
Ag-embedded SiO2 thin films are prepared by oblique angle deposition. Through field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an orientated slanted columnar structure is observed. Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis shows the Ag concentration is about 3% in the anisotropic SiO2 matrix. Anisotropic surface plasma resonance (SPR) absorption is observed in the Ag-embedded SiO2 thin films, which is dependent on polarization state and incidence angle of two orthogonal polarized lights and the deposition angle. This means that optical properties and anisotropic SPR absorption can be tunable in Ag-embedded SiO2 thin films. Broadband polarization splitting is also observed and the transmission ratio Tp/Ts between p-and s-polarized lights is up to 2.7 for thin films deposited at α=70°, which means that Ag-embedded SiO2 thin films are a promising candidate for thin film polarizers.
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A Thin Liquid Film and Its Effects in an Atomic Force Microscopy Measurement
LIN Jing, ZHENG Zhi-Jun, YU Ji-Lin, BAI Yi-Long
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086802
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086802
Recently, it has been observed that a liquid film spreading on a sample surface will significantly distort atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. In order to elaborate on the effect, we establish an equation governing the deformation of liquid film under its interaction with the AFM tip and substrate. A key issue is the critical liquid bump height y0c, at which the liquid film jumps to contact the AFM tip. It is found that there are three distinct regimes in the variation of y0c with film thickness H, depending on Hamaker constants of tip, sample and liquid. Noticeably, there is a characteristic thickness H* physically defining what a thin film is; namely, once the film thickness H is the same order as H*, the effect of film thickness should be taken into account. The value of H* is dependent on Hamaker constants and liquid surface tension as well as tip radius.
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Adsorption Mechanism of Hydrogen on Boron-Doped Fullerenes
YU Liu-Min, , SHI Guo-Sheng, WANG Zhi-Gang, JI Guang-Fu, LU Zhi-Peng,
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086804
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086804
The C35BH-H2 complex and two other possible isomers, C34BCaH-H2 and C34BCbH-H2, are investigated using the local-spin-density approximation (LSDA) method. The results indicate that a single hydrogen molecule could be strongly adsorbed on two isomers, C34BCaH and C34BCbH, with binding energies of 0.42 and 0.47eV, respectively, and that these calculated binding energies are suitable for reversible hydrogen adsorption/desorption near room temperature. However, it is difficult for the H2 molecule to be firmly adsorbed on C35BH. We analyze the interaction between C34BCxH (x=a, b) and the H2 molecule using dipole moments and molecular orbitals. The charge analysis showed there was a partial charge (about 0.32e) transfer from H2 to the doped fullerenes. These calculation results should broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of hydrogen storage using boron-doped fullerenes.
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Microstructure and Corrosion Performance of Carbonitriding Layers on Cast Iron by Plasma Electrolytic Carbonitriding
PANG Hua, LV Guo-Hua, CHEN Huan, WANG Xin-Quan, ZHANG Gu-Ling, YANG Si-Ze,
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
086805
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/086805
The surface carbonitriding of cast iron is investigated in an aqueous solution of acetamide and glycerin. Microstructure, chemical and phase composition and corrosion performance of the carbonitriding layers are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, as well as potentiodynamic polarization testing. X-ray diffraction results show that the carbonitriding coatings are composed of martensite, austenite(γ-Fe), Fe2C, Fe3C, Fe5C2, FeN and ε-Fe2-3N. After the plasma electrolytic carbonitriding treatment the corrosion resistance of cast iron is clearly improved compared to the substrate, and the coatings produced at 350V for 30s give the best corrosion resistance.
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Theoretical Study on the Propagation of Acoustic Phonon Modes in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Different Potential Models
CAO Bing, ZHANG Wei, HUAI Ping, ZHU Zhi-Yuan
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087101
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087101
Propagation of a heat pulse in (10,0) zig-zag carbon nanotubes, modeled by the Brenner-II and Tersoff bond-order potentials, respectively, is investigated using a molecular dynamics simulation. The longitudinal acoustic mode, twisting phonon mode, and second sound waves are observed in the simulation. The time variations of speed and intensity of the above three phonon modes are in good agreement with the previous works based on the Brenner-I potential. Higher speed and weaker peak intensity are observed in the simulation of the Tersoff potential. The inherent over-binding of radicals and the non-local effects in Tersoff's covalent-bonding formula may play an important role in the heat pulse propagating simulation.
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First-Principles Study of Li Doping in a Double-Wall Carbon Nanotube
WEN Yan-Wei, LIU Hui-Jun, PAN Lu, TAN Xiao-Jian, SHI Jing
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087102
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087102
By performing first-principles calculations, we study Li doping in a double-wall carbon nanotube where a (5,0) tube is confined inside a (14,0) tube. There are three possible sites for Li doping and two of them are energetically favorable. The change of energy band structure is closely related to the doping sites and the charge transfer is investigated. Bader charge analysis indicates that Li prefers to donate its electron to the inner (5,0) tube. Moreover, the Li capacity of the system can reach LiC4.75 which makes it a promising candidate for Li-ion battery materials.
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Charge Transport and Magnetotransport Properties of Polyimide Irradiated by 80keV Co Ions
CHEN Tian-Xiang, YAO Shu-De, HUA Wei, FA Tao, LI Lin, ZHOU Sheng-Qiang
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087201
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087201
Charge transport properties of polyimide films implanted with 80keV Co ions at two different fluences (series I: 1.25×1017 ions/cm2, series II: 1.75×1017ions/cm2) are studied in detail. For series I, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity fits Mott's equation very well. It is on the insulating side of the insulator-metal transition (IMT). However, for series II, the temperature dependence of surface resistivity is not in agreement with Mott's equation. It is on the metallic side of IMT. The magnetotransport properties of these two series are also studied. No significant magnetoresistive effect is observed for series I at both 5K and 300K. For series II, an obvious magnetoresistive effect is observed at 5K, while there is no magnetoresistive effect at 300K. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is applied to confirm the actual fluence for these two series.
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Robust Low Voltage Program-Erasable Cobalt-Nanocrystal Memory Capacitors with Multistacked Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3 Tunnel Barrier
LIAO Zhong-Wei, GOU Hong-Yan, HUANG Yue, SUN Qing-Qing, DING Shi-Jin, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shi-Li,
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087303
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087303
An atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3 (A/H/A) tunnel barrier is investigated for Co nanocrystal memory capacitors. Compared to a single Al2O3 tunnel barrier, the A/H/A barrier can significantly increase the hysteresis window, i.e., an increase by 9V for ±12V sweep range. This is attributed to a marked decrease in the energy barriers of charge injections for the A/H/A tunnel barrier. Further, the Co-nanocrystal memory capacitor with the A/H/A tunnel barrier exhibits a memory window as large as 4.1V for 100μs program/erase at a low voltage of ±7V, which is due to fast charge injection rates, i.e., about 2.4×1016cm-2s-1 for electrons and 1.9×1016cm-2s-1 for holes.
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One-on-One and R-on-One Tests on KDP and DKDP Crystals with Different Orientations
HU Guo-Hang, ZHAO Yuan-An, SUN Shao-Tao, LI Da-Wei, SUN Xun, SHAO Jian-Da, FAN Zheng-Xiu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087801
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087801
By testing a substantial number of tripler and z-cut KDP and DKDP crystals, we have observed that at 355nm, the laser induced damage threshold in the R-on-one test is higher than that in the one-on-one test. It is proved that laser conditioning is an efficient way to improve the damage resistance. The efficiency of laser conditioning becomes increasingly good with smaller ramping fluence steps. We have also found that the damage resistance of the z-cut crystal is higher than the tripler cut, and the pinpoint number is definitely less in the z-cut crystal. The reason for these observations is discussed.
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Growth Characteristics and Mechanism of Surface and Bulk Damage in KDP and DKDP Crystals
HU Guo-Hang, ZHAO Yuan-An, SUN Shao-Tao, LI Da-Wei, LIU Xiao-Feng, SUN Xun, SHAO Jian-Da, FAN Zheng-Xiu
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
087805
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087805
By testing the number increase and size growth of surface and bulk laser induced damage in KDP and DKDP crystals, we observe different growth characteristics of surface and bulk damage under multiple 355nm laser irradiations. The size of the surface damage grows exponentially, but that of the bulk damage does not grow. In contrast, the bulk damage number increases, but that of surface damage does not increase significantly. We attribute the differences to the different formation of the damage initiators and the different damage testing volumes.
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Effect of Annealing Conditions on Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films
GAO Mei-Zhen, ZHANG Feng, LIU Jing, SUN Hui-Na
Chin. Phys. Lett. 2009, 26 (8):
088105
.
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/088105
Transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films are prepared on normal glass substrates by the sol-gel spin coating method. The effects of drying conditions, annealing temperature and cooling rate on the structural, electrical and optical properties of AZO films are investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, the four-point probe method and UV-VIS spectrophotometry, respectively. The deposited films show a hexagonal wurtzite structure and high preferential c-axis orientation. As the drying temperature increases from 100°C to 300°C the resistivity of AZO films decreases dramatically. In contrast to the annealed films cooled in a furnace and in air, the resistivity of the annealed film which is cooled at -15°C is greatly reduced. Increasing the cooling rate dramatically increases the electrical conductivity of AZO films.
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110 articles
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