CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |
|
|
|
|
Response Surface Analysis of Crowd Dynamics during Tawaf |
Zarita Zainuddin1, Lim Eng Aik2** |
1School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia 2Institut Matematik Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02000 Kuala Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia |
|
Cite this article: |
Zarita Zainuddin, Lim Eng Aik 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 078901 |
|
|
Abstract A refined cellular automata model is applied to simulate the crowd movement of Muslim pilgrims performing the Tawaf ritual within the Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca. The results from the simulation are obtained and the influence of the predictor variables of the evacuation process (pedestrian flow and Tawaf duration) on the responses (pedestrian density, average walking speed, and cumulative evacuee) is investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The average results from the experiments with an rms error less than 0.5 are obtained from the RSM. Its performance indicates that the RSM possesses excellent predictive ability for the model evacuation study, because both the experimental and the predicted values agree well with the results obtained in this study.
|
|
Received: 19 April 2012
Published: 31 May 2012
|
|
PACS: |
89.40.-a
|
(Transportation)
|
|
45.70.Vn
|
(Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow)
|
|
05.70.Fh
|
(Phase transitions: general studies)
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Kerner B S 2004 The Physics of Traffic (Berlin: Springer) [2] Helbing D 1992 Complex Syst. 6 391 [3] Helbing D, Farakas I, Vicsek T 2000 Nature 407 487 [4] Nagatani T 2002 Rep. Prog. Phys. 65 1331 [5] Lim E A 2012 Int. J. Phys. Sci. 7 182 [6] Keith S 2000 Crowd Dynamics (London: University of Warwick) [7] Alizadeh R 2011 Safety Sci. 49 315 [8] Guo R Y, Huang H J and Wong S C 2011 Trans. Res. B 45 490 [9] Guo R Y and Huang H J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 030501 [10] Zarita Z and Lim E A 2010 Eur. J. Sci. Res. 42 522 [11] Lim E A 2011 Int. J. Phys. Sci. 6 3218 [12] Zarita Z and Lim E A 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 018901 [13] Peng Y C and Chou C I 2011 Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 205 [14] Varas A, Cornejo M D, Mainemer D et al 2007 Physica A 382 631 [15] Siamak S, Fazilah H and Abdullah Z T 2011 Sim. Modelling Prac. Theor. 19 969 [16] Zarita Z, Lim E A 2012 IEEE Symp. Comp. Inf. 46 [17] Haboubi M and Shokri Z S 1997 Comput. Ind. Eng. 32 419 [18] Abdelghany A, Abdelghany K and Mahmassani H S 2006 Trans. Res. Rec. 1939 123 [19] Burstedde C, Klauck K, Schadschneider A and Zittartz J 2001 Physica A 295 507 [20] Kirchner A, Nishinari K and Schadschneider A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 056122 [21] Xie D F, Gao Z Y, Zhao X M and Wang Z W 2012 Physica A 391 2390 [22] Klupfel H, Schreckenberg M and Konig T M 2005 Traff. Granular Flow'03 4 357 [23] Sotemann S W, Ristow N E, Wentzel M C and Ekama G A 2005 Water SA 31 511 [24] Bas D and Boyaci I H 2007 J. Food Eng. 78 836 [25] Neelam S, Kumbhar B K and Manoj K 2006 J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 1 31 [26] Myers R H and Montgomery D C 1995 Response Surface Methodology (USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.) |
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|