[1] Magnasco M O 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1477

Bartussek R, H\"anggi P and Kissner J G 1994 Europhys.
Lett. 28 459

Bier M and Astumian R D 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4277

Lodahl P and Lagendijk A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 153905

Reimann P 2002 Phys. Rep. 361 57

Li J H and Hanggi P 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 011106

Li J H, \L uczka J and Hanggi P 2001 Phys. Rev. E
64 011113

Li J H 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 061110

Li Jing-hui 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 011114

[2] Van den Broeck C et al %, Parrondo J M R and Toral R
1994 Phys. Rev.
Lett. 73 3395

Li J H and Huang Z Q 1996 Phys. Rev. E 53 3315

[3] Li J H et al %, Huang Z Q and Xing D Y
1998 Phys. Rev. E 58 2838

Li J H and Huang Z Q 1998 Phys. Rev. E 58 2760

Reimann P et al %, Van den Broeck C and Kawai R
1999 Phys. Rev. E
60 6402

Stefan W et al %, Patrick H, Dieter S, Brand Helmut R and Jurgen K
2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 038301

[4] Doering C R and Gadoua J C 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2318

Bier M and Astumian R D 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1649

Reimann P 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 4576

Li J H, Xing D Y, Dong J M and Hu B 1999 Phys. Rev. E 60 1324

Klik I and Yao Y D 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 067102

Li J H and Han Y X 2006 Phys. Lett. A 359 573

Li J H and Han Y X 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 041118

Li J H 2007 J. Phys. A 40 621

[5] Gammaitoni L, Hanggi P, Jung P and Marchesoni F 1998 Rev.
Mod. Phys. 70 223

Li J H 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 031104

Li J H and Chen S G 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 014102

Igor G, Peter H, Jose L V and Salvador M 2005 Phys. Rev. E
71 061906

Li J H and Han Y X 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 051115

[6] Herger R et al
%5, Willmott P R, Bunk O, Schleputz C M, Patterson B D and Delley B
2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 076102

[7] Garriga A and Ritort F 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 031505

[8] Peter O 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 097001

Hess C et al %, ElHaes H, Waske A, Buchner B, Sekar C, Krabbes G,
%Heidrich-Meisner F and Brenig W
2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 027201

[9] Bak\'{o B, Groma I, Gyorgyi G and
Zim\'{anyi G T 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 075701

Martin R, Lasse L, Martin D and Mikko A 2007 Phys. Rev.
Lett. 98 054502

[10] Hanggi P 1980 Phys. Lett. A 78 304

Sancho J M, Miguel M San, Katz S L and Gunton J D 1982 Phys.
Rev. A 26 1589

Hanggi P, and Riseborough P 1983 Phys. Rev. A 27 3379

Van den Brorck C and Hanggi P 1984 Phys. Rev. A 30 2730

Kai S, Wakabayashi S and Imasaki M 1986 Phys. Rev. A 33 2612

Diaz-Guilera A and Rubi J M 1986 Phys. Rev. A 34 462

[11] Gardiner C W 1983 Handbook of Stochastic Method for Physics,
Chemistry and the Natural Sciences (Berlin: Springer)

[12] Li J H 2007 Physica D 226 209

[13] Novikov E A 1964 Zh. Eksp. Theor. Fiz. 47
[1965 Sov. Phys. JETP 20 1290]

[14] Klyatskin V I and Tatarskii V I 1974 Sov. Phys. Usp.
16 494

[15] Li J H and Huang Z G 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 3917

[16] Astumian R D and Bier M 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 1766