[1] Sholl D S and Johnson J K 2006 Science 312 1003

[2] Holt J K et al 2006 Science 312
1034

[3] Whitby M and Quirke N 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2
87

[4] Bourlon B, Wong J, Miko C, Forro L and Bockrath M 2007
Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 104

[5] Sun L and Crooks R 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 12340

[6] Gao H, Cui D, Kong Y and Ozkan C S 2003 Nano Lett. 3
471

[7] Hummer G, Rasalah J C and Noworyta J P 2001 Nature 414
188

[8] Kalra A, Garde S and Hummer G 2001 Nature 414 188

[9] Wan R, Li J, Lu H and Fang H 2001 J. Am. Chem. Soc.
127 716

[10] Li J, Gong X, Lu H, Li D, Fang H and Zhou R 2007 Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 3687

[11] Zhu F and Schulten K 2003 Biophys. J. 85 236

[12] Beckstein O and Sansom M S P 2003 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
100 7063

[13] Zhou R, Huang X, Margulis C J and Berne B J 2004
Science 305 1605

[14] Mashl R J, Joseph S, Aluru N R and Jakobsson E 2003 Nano
Lett. 3 589

[15] Majumder M, Chopra N, Andrews R and Hinds B J 2005
Nature 438 44

[16] Reiter G et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 247801

[17] Koga K, Gao G, Tanaka H and Zeng X 2001 Nature 412 802

[18] Raghunathan A V and Aluru N R 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett.
97 024501

[19] Berezhkovskii A and Hummer G 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett.
89 064503

[20] Saparov S M, Pfeifer J R, Al-Momani L, Portella G, de Groot B
L, Koert U and Pohl P 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 148101

[21] de Groot B L and Grubmuller H 2001 Science 294 2353