Phase Transition and Critical Phenomenon Occurring in Granular Matter
Yao-Dong Feng1,2, Tao Su2, Qing-Fan Shi1, Gang Sun2,3**
1Department of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 2Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 3School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
Abstract：We investigate the granular flow states in a channel with bottleneck by molecular dynamics simulations. Our study is restricted only on a selected key area rather than on the whole system to focus on the flow properties of a single granular state. A random force field is introduced to control the granular temperature. It is also pointed out that the flow rate in the granular flow can be correlated with the pressure, which leads us to carry out a comprehensive study similar to the classical study for general liquid-gas phase transition. Our results show that the dilute flow state and the dense flow state of the granules are similar to the gas state and the liquid state of general substances, respectively, and the properties of phase transition and critical phenomenon are also similar to those occurring in general substances.
The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam 2001 Guideline on the Use of Fundamental Physical Constants and Basic Constants of Water p 5
2019, Vol. 36 
