## Volume 39 Issue 8

#### Highlighted Articles

Editors' Suggestion

#### Experimental Test of Contextuality Based on State Discrimination with a Single Qubit

Qiuxin Zhang, Chenhao Zhu, Yuxin Wang, Liangyu Ding, Tingting Shi, Xiang Zhang, Shuaining Zhang, and Wei Zhang
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 080301   PDF ( 37 )   HTML ( 35 )
Editors' Suggestion

#### Logarithmic Quantum Time Crystal

Haipeng Xue, Lingchii Kong, and Biao Wu
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 080501   PDF ( 26 )   HTML ( 60 )
Express Letter

#### Geometric Upper Critical Dimensions of the Ising Model

Sheng Fang, Zongzheng Zhou, and Youjin Deng
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 080502   PDF ( 72 )   HTML ( 87 )
Express Letter

#### Renormalization Group Theory of Eigen Microstates

Teng Liu, Gao-Ke Hu, Jia-Qi Dong, Jing-Fang Fan, Mao-Xin Liu, and Xiao-Song Chen
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 080503   PDF ( 80 )   HTML ( 85 )
Editors' Suggestion

#### Topological Wannier Cycles for the Bulk and Edges

Ze-Lin Kong, Zhi-Kang Lin, and Jian-Hua Jiang
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 084301   PDF ( 48 )   HTML ( 34 )
Editors' Suggestion

#### Giant Influence of Clustering and Anti-Clustering of Disordered Surface Roughness on Electronic Tunneling

Yu Zhang, Qingyun Zhang, Youqi Ke, and Ke Xia
Chin. Phys. Lett., 2022, 39 (8): 087301   PDF ( 13 )   HTML ( 34 )

#### Current Issue

GENERAL
 Select Experimental Test of Contextuality Based on State Discrimination with a Single Qubit Qiuxin Zhang, Chenhao Zhu, Yuxin Wang, Liangyu Ding, Tingting Shi, Xiang Zhang, Shuaining Zhang, and Wei Zhang Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 080301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/080301 Abstract   PDF(pc) (1130KB) ( 37 ) PDF(mobile)(1288KB) ( 8 ) HTML ( 35 )  Exploring quantum phenomena beyond predictions of any classical model has fundamental importance to understand the boundary of classical and quantum descriptions of nature. As a typical property that a quantum system behaves distinctively from a classical counterpart, contextuality has been studied extensively and verified experimentally in systems composed of at least three levels (qutrit). Here we extend the scope of experimental test of contextuality to a minimal quantum system of only two states (qubit) by implementing the minimum error state discrimination on a single $^{171}$Yb$^+$ ion. We observe a substantial violation of a no-go inequality derived by assuming non-contextuality, and firmly conclude that the measured results of state discrimination cannot be reconciled with any non-contextual description. We also quantify the contextual advantage of state discrimination and the tolerance against quantum noises.
 Select Logarithmic Quantum Time Crystal Haipeng Xue, Lingchii Kong, and Biao Wu Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 080501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/080501 Abstract   PDF(pc) (845KB) ( 26 ) PDF(mobile)(847KB) ( 4 ) HTML ( 60 )  We investigate a time-independent many-boson system, whose ground states are quasi-degenerate and become infinitely degenerate in the thermodynamic limit. Out of these quasi-degenerate ground states we construct a quantum state that evolves in time with a period that is logarithmically proportional to the number of particles, that is, $T\sim \log N$. This boson system in such a state is a quantum time crystal as it approaches the ground state in the thermodynamic limit. The logarithmic dependence of its period on the total particle number $N$ makes it observable experimentally even for systems with very large number of particles. Possible experimental proposals are discussed.
 Select Geometric Upper Critical Dimensions of the Ising Model Sheng Fang, Zongzheng Zhou, and Youjin Deng Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 080502 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/080502 Abstract   PDF(pc) (728KB) ( 72 ) PDF(mobile)(726KB) ( 13 ) HTML ( 87 )  The upper critical dimension of the Ising model is known to be $d_{\rm c}=4$, above which critical behavior is regarded to be trivial. We hereby argue from extensive simulations that, in the random-cluster representation, the Ising model simultaneously exhibits two upper critical dimensions at $(d_{\rm c}=4,~d_{\rm p}=6)$, and critical clusters for $d \geq d_{\rm p}$, except the largest one, are governed by exponents from percolation universality. We predict a rich variety of geometric properties and then provide strong evidence in dimensions from 4 to 7 and on complete graphs. Our findings significantly advance the understanding of the Ising model, which is a fundamental system in many branches of physics.
 Select Renormalization Group Theory of Eigen Microstates Teng Liu, Gao-Ke Hu, Jia-Qi Dong, Jing-Fang Fan, Mao-Xin Liu, and Xiao-Song Chen Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 080503 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/080503 Abstract   PDF(pc) (783KB) ( 80 ) PDF(mobile)(783KB) ( 29 ) HTML ( 85 )  We propose a renormalization group (RG) theory of eigen microstates, which are introduced in the statistical ensemble composed of microstates obtained from experiments or computer simulations. A microstate in the ensemble can be considered as a linear superposition of eigen microstates with probability amplitudes equal to their eigenvalues. Under the renormalization of a factor $b$, the largest eigenvalue $\sigma_1$ has two trivial fixed points at low and high temperature limits and a critical fixed point with the RG relation $\sigma_1^b = b^{\beta/\nu} \sigma_1$, where $\beta$ and $\nu$ are the critical exponents of order parameter and correlation length, respectively. With the Ising model in different dimensions, it has been demonstrated that the RG theory of eigen microstates is able to identify the critical point and to predict critical exponents and the universality class. Our theory can be used in research of critical phenomena both in equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems without considering the Hamiltonian, which is the foundation of Wilson's RG theory and is absent for most complex systems.
 Select Improved Evaluation of BBR and Collisional Frequency Shifts of NIM-Sr2 with $7.2 \times 10^{-18}$ Total Uncertainty Bing-Kun Lu, Zhen Sun, Tao Yang, Yi-Ge Lin, Qiang Wang, Ye Li, Fei Meng, Bai-Ke Lin, Tian-Chu Li, and Zhan-Jun Fang Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 080601 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/080601 Abstract   PDF(pc) (3480KB) ( 9 ) PDF(mobile)(3482KB) ( 0 ) HTML ( 7 )  NIM-Sr2 optical lattice clock has been developed on the Changping campus of National Institute of Metrology (NIM). Considering the limitations in NIM-Sr1, several improved parts have been designed including a differential pumping stage in the vacuum system, a permanent magnet Zeeman slower, water-cooled anti-Helmholtz coils, an extended viewport for Zeeman slower, etc. A clock laser with a short-time stability better than $3\times10^{-16}$ is realized based on a self-designed 30-cm-long ultra-low expansion cavity. The systematic frequency shift has been evaluated to an uncertainty of $7.2\times 10^{-18}$, with the uncertainty of BBR shift and the collisional frequency shift being an order of magnitude lower than the last evaluation of NIM-Sr1.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
 Select Three-Body Recombination of Cold $^{3}$He–$^{3}$He–T$^-$ System Ming-Ming Zhao, Li-Hang Li, Bo-Wen Si, Bin-Bin Wang, Bina Fu, and Yong-Chang Han Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 083401 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/083401 Abstract   PDF(pc) (820KB) ( 5 ) PDF(mobile)(824KB) ( 1 ) HTML ( 4 )  The atom-atom-anion three-body recombination (TBR) and collision induced dissociation (CID) processes of the $^{3}$He–$^{3}$He–T$^-$ system at ultracold temperatures are investigated by solving the Schrödinger equation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The variations of the TBR and CID rates with the collision energies in the ultracold temperatures are obtained. It is found that the $J^{\varPi}=1^-$ symmetry dominates the TBR and CID processes in most of the considered collision energy range. The rate of TBR (CID) into (from) the $l=1$ anion is larger than those for the $l=0$ and $l=2$ anions, with the $l$ representing the rotational quantum number of $^{3}$HeT$^-$. This can be understood via the nonadiabatic couplings among the different channels.
 Select Efficient Two-Dimensional Defect-Free Dual-Species Atom Arrays Rearrangement Algorithm with Near-Fewest Atom Moves Zhi-Jin Tao, Li-Geng Yu, Peng Xu, Jia-Yi Hou, Xiao-Dong He, and Ming-Sheng Zhan Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 083701 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/083701 Abstract   PDF(pc) (2595KB) ( 13 ) PDF(mobile)(2696KB) ( 1 ) HTML ( 6 )  Dual-species single-atom array in optical tweezers has several advantages over the single-species atom array as a platform for quantum computing and quantum simulation. Thus, creating the defect-free dual-species single-atom array with atom numbers over hundreds is essential. As recent experiments demonstrated, one of the main difficulties lies in designing an efficient algorithm to rearrange the stochastically loaded dual-species atoms arrays into arbitrary demanded configurations. We propose a heuristic connectivity optimization algorithm to provide the near-fewest number of atom moves. Our algorithm introduces the concept of using articulation points in an undirected graph to optimize connectivity as a critical consideration for arranging the atom moving paths. Tested in array size of hundreds atoms and various configurations, our algorithm shows a high success rate ($>97\%$), low extra atom moves ratio, good scalability, and flexibility. Furthermore, we propose a complementary step to solve the problem of atom loss during the rearrangement.
FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY(INCLUDING APPLICATIONS)
 Select Topological Wannier Cycles for the Bulk and Edges Ze-Lin Kong, Zhi-Kang Lin, and Jian-Hua Jiang Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 084301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/084301 Abstract   PDF(pc) (1790KB) ( 48 ) PDF(mobile)(3098KB) ( 1 ) HTML ( 34 )  Topological materials are often characterized by unique edge states which are in turn used to detect different topological phases in experiments. Recently, with the discovery of various higher-order topological insulators, such spectral topological characteristics are extended from edge states to corner states. However, the chiral symmetry protecting the corner states is often broken in genuine materials, leading to vulnerable corner states even when the higher-order topological numbers remain quantized and invariant. Here, we show that a local artificial gauge flux can serve as a robust probe of the Wannier type higher-order topological insulators, which is effective even when the chiral symmetry is broken. The resultant observable signature is the emergence of the cyclic spectral flows traversing one or multiple band gaps. These spectral flows are associated with the local modes bound to the artificial gauge flux. This phenomenon is essentially due to the cyclic transformation of the Wannier orbitals when the local gauge flux acts on them. We extend topological Wannier cycles to systems with $C_{2}$ and $C_{3}$ symmetries and show that they can probe both the bulk and the edge Wannier centers, yielding rich topological phenomena.
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
 Select Predicted Pressure-Induced High-Energy-Density Iron Pentazolate Salts Chuli Sun, Wei Guo, and Yugui Yao Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 087101 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/087101 Abstract   PDF(pc) (2961KB) ( 7 ) PDF(mobile)(3700KB) ( 1 ) HTML ( 7 )  Metal-pentazolate compounds as candidates for novel high-energy-density materials have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, dehydrated pentazolate salts of transition metal iron are rarely reported. We predict two new iron pentazolate salts $Fdd2$-FeN$_{10}$ and $P\bar{1}$(No.1)-FeN$_{10}$ using a constrained crystal search method based on first-principles calculations. We propose that the stable $Fdd2$-FeN$_{10}$ crystal may be synthesized from FeN and N$_{2}$ above 20 GPa, and its formation enthalpy is lower than the reported iron pentazolate salt (marked as $P\bar{1}$(No.2)-FeN$_{10}$). Crystal $P\bar{1}$(No.1)-FeN$_{10}$ is composed of iron bispentazole molecules. Formation enthalpy, phonon spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations are performed to show their thermodynamic, mechanical and dynamic properties. Moreover, the high energy density (3.709 kJ/g, 6.349 kJ/g) and good explosive performance indicate their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.
 Select Giant Influence of Clustering and Anti-Clustering of Disordered Surface Roughness on Electronic Tunneling Yu Zhang, Qingyun Zhang, Youqi Ke, and Ke Xia Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 087301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/087301 Abstract   PDF(pc) (3671KB) ( 13 ) PDF(mobile)(3674KB) ( 3 ) HTML ( 34 )  This work reveals the giant influence of spatial distribution of disordered surface roughness on electron tunneling, which is of immediate relevance to the magneto tunnel device and imaging technologies. We calculate the spin-dependent tunneling in Fe/vacuum/Fe junction with disordered surface roughness with the first-principles non-equilibrium dynamical cluster theory. It is found that, at high concentration of surface roughness, different spatial distributions, including the clustered, anti-clustered and completely random roughness characterized by Warren–Cowley parameters, present large deviations from each other in all spin channels. By changing from clustered to anti-clustered roughness, it is surprising that spin polarization of tunneling in parallel configuration (PC) can be drastically reversed from $-0.52$ to 0.93, while complete randomness almost eliminates the polarization. It is found that the anti-clustered roughness can dramatically quench the tunneling of minority spin in both PC and anti-PC by orders of magnitude, but significantly enhance the transmission of majority spin in PC (by as large as $40\%$) compared to the results of clustered roughness, presenting distinct influences of differently correlated surface roughness. The spatial correlation of disordered surface roughness can significantly modify the surface resonance of Fe minority spin.
 Select Superconductivity in Kagome Metal YRu$_{3}$Si$_{2}$ with Strong Electron Correlations Chunsheng Gong, Shangjie Tian, Zhijun Tu, Qiangwei Yin, Yang Fu, Ruitao Luo, and Hechang Lei Chin. Phys. Lett. 2022, 39 (8): 087401 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/087401 Abstract   PDF(pc) (908KB) ( 17 ) PDF(mobile)(900KB) ( 5 ) HTML ( 10 )  We report the detailed physical properties of YRu$_{3}$Si$_{2}$ with the Ru kagome lattice at normal and superconducting states. The results of resistivity and magnetization show that YRu$_{3}$Si$_{2}$ is a type-II bulk superconductor with $T_{\rm c}\sim 3.0$ K. The specific heat measurement further suggests that this superconductivity could originate from the weak or moderate electron-phonon coupling. On the other hand, both large Kadawaki–Woods ratio and Wilson ratio indicate that there is a strong electron correlation effect in this system, which may have a connection with the featured flat band of kagome lattice.
11 articles