Observation of Coulomb Gap and Enhanced Superconducting Gap in Nano-Sized Pb Islands Grown on SrTiO$_{3}$
Yonghao Yuan1,2, Xintong Wang1,2, Canli Song1,2, Lili Wang1,2, Ke He1,2, Xucun Ma1,2, Hong Yao1,2,3, Wei Li1,2**, Qi-Kun Xue1,2,4**
1State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084 3Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 4Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193
Abstract：We report high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of nano-sized Pb islands grown on SrTiO$_{3}$, where three distinct types of gaps with different energy scales are revealed. At low temperature, we find that the superconducting gap (${\it\Delta}_{\rm s}$) in nano-sized Pb islands is significantly enhanced from the one in bulk Pb, while there is no essential change in superconducting transition temperature $T_{\rm c}$, giving rise to a larger BCS ratio 2${\it\Delta}_{\rm s}/k_{_{\rm B}}T_{\rm c} \sim 8.31$ and implying stronger electron-phonon coupling. The stronger coupling can originate from the interface electron-phonon interactions between Pb islands and SrTiO$_{3}$. As the superconducting gap is totally suppressed under applied magnetic field, the Coulomb gap with apparent V-shape emerges. Moreover, the size of Coulomb gap (${\it\Delta}_{\rm C}$) depends on the lateral size of Pb islands ($R$) with ${\it\Delta}_{\rm C}\sim 1/R^{0.35}$, indicating that quantum size effect can significantly influence electronic correlations. Our experimental results shall shed important light on the interplay among superconductivity, quantum size effect and correlations in nano-sized strong-coupling superconductors.
2020, Vol. 37 
